Color-component correlation and mechanism of component transformation of processed Citri Reticulatae Semen.
10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20250224.302
- Author:
Kui-Lin ZHU
1
;
Jin-Lian ZOU
1
;
Xu-Li DENG
1
;
Mao-Xin DENG
1
;
Hai-Ming WANG
1
;
Rui YIN
1
;
Zhang-Xian CHEN
1
;
Yun-Tao ZHANG
1
;
Hong-Ping HE
1
;
Fa-Wu DONG
1
Author Information
1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
colorimetric value;
correlation;
high-performance liquid chromatography;
nomilin;
obacunone;
salt-processed Citri Reticulatae Semen;
simulated processing
- MeSH:
Mice;
Animals;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*;
RAW 264.7 Cells;
Limonins/chemistry*;
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid;
Citrus/chemistry*;
Color;
Benzoxepins/chemistry*;
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*
- From:
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
2025;50(9):2382-2390
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to determine the content of three major components in Citri Reticulatae Semen(CRS), including limonin, nomilin, and obacunone. The chromaticity of the CRS sample during salt processing and stir-frying was measured using a color difference meter. Next, the relationship between the color and content of the salt-processed CRS sample was investigated through correlation analysis. By integrating the oil bath technique for processing simulation with HPLC, the changes in the relative content of nomilin and its transformation products were analyzed, with its structural transformation pattern during processing identified. Additionally, RAW264.7 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharides(LPSs) to establish an inflammatory model, and the anti-inflammatory activity of nomilin and its transformation product, namely obacunone was evaluated. The results indicated that as processing progressed, E~*ab and L~* values showed a downward trend; a~* values exhibited a slow increase over a certain period, followed by no significant changes, and b~* values remained stable with no significant changes over a certain period and then started to decrease. The limonin content remained barely unchanged; the nomilin content decreased, and the obacunone increased significantly. The changing trends in content and color parameters during salt-processing and stir-frying were basically consistent. The content of nomilin and obacunone was significantly correlated with the colorimetric values(L~*, a~*, b~*, and E~*ab), while limonin content showed no significant correlation with these values. By analyzing HPLC patterns of nomylin at different heating temperatures and time, it was found that under conditions of 200-250 ℃ for heating of 5-60 min, the content of nomilin significantly decreased, while the obacunone content increased pronouncedly. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity results indicated that compared to the model group, the group with a high concentration of nomilin and the groups with varying concentrations of obacunone showed significantly reduced release of nitric oxide(NO)(P<0.01). When both were at the same concentration, obacunone showed better performance in inhibiting NO release. In this study, the obvious correlation between the color and content of major components during the processing of CRS samples was identified, and the dynamic patterns of quality change in CRS samples during processing were revealed. Additionally, the study revealed and confirmed the transformation of nomilin into obacunone during processing, with the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of obacunone significantly greater than that of nomilin. These findings provided a scientific basis for CRS processing optimization, tablet quality control, and its clinical application.
