Adaptive immunity in the neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease.
10.1097/CM9.0000000000003695
- Author:
Hanchen LIU
1
;
Yun CHEN
;
Jing ZHANG
;
Xiaochun CHEN
Author Information
1. Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Adaptive immunity;
Alzheimer’s disease;
Amyloid beta;
B lymphocyte;
Neuroinflammation
- MeSH:
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism*;
Humans;
Adaptive Immunity/physiology*;
Immunity, Innate/immunology*;
Animals;
Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology*;
Inflammation/immunology*;
Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism*
- From:
Chinese Medical Journal
2025;138(17):2116-2129
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is a growing public health challenge. Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a prominent pathological feature of AD and has traditionally been attributed to the innate immune system. However, emerging evidence highlights the involvement of adaptive immunity, particularly T and B lymphocytes, in the neuroinflammatory processes of AD. It remains unclear how adaptive immune responses, originally intended to protect the body, contribute to chronic inflammation and neuronal dysfunction in AD. Here, we review the roles of adaptive immunity, cellular composition, and niches and their contribution to AD development and progression. Notably, we synthesize the crosstalk between adaptive immunity and the innate immune system of the central nervous system (CNS), which is mainly mediated by glial cells and myeloid cells, and their interrelationships with amyloid-β (Aβ)/Tau pathology. We hypothesized that the alterations observed in innate immunity in AD mirror age-related immune alterations, whereas the dysregulation of adaptive immunity contributes more accurately to disease-specific immune responses. Targeting adaptive immunity in the context of neuroinflammation may provide new insights into potential therapeutic strategies designed to modulate immune responses, thereby facilitating the diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of AD.
