Neoantigen-driven personalized tumor therapy: An update from discovery to clinical application.
10.1097/CM9.0000000000003708
- Author:
Na XIE
1
;
Guobo SHEN
1
;
Canhua HUANG
1
;
Huili ZHU
2
Author Information
1. Department of Biotherapy, Oxidative Stress Research Center, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Adoptive cell therapy;
Antibody-based therapy;
Cancer vaccine;
Immune checkpoint inhibitor;
Immunotherapy;
Neoantigen;
T-cell receptor mimic antibody
- MeSH:
Humans;
Neoplasms/therapy*;
Precision Medicine/methods*;
Immunotherapy/methods*;
Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics*;
Cancer Vaccines/immunology*;
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- From:
Chinese Medical Journal
2025;138(17):2057-2090
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Neoantigens exhibit high immunogenic potential and confer a uniqueness to tumor cells, making them ideal targets for personalized cancer immunotherapy. Neoantigens originate from tumor-specific genetic alterations, abnormal viral infections, or other biological mechanisms, including atypical RNA splicing events and post-translational modifications (PTMs). These neoantigens are recognized as foreign by the immune system, eliciting an immune response that largely bypasses conventional mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), mass spectrometry (MS), and artificial intelligence (AI) have greatly expedited the rapid detection and forecasting of neoantigens, markedly propelling the development of diverse immunotherapeutic strategies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and antibody treatment. In this review, we comprehensively explore the discovery and characterization of neoantigens and their clinical use within promising immunotherapeutic frameworks. Additionally, we address the current landscape of neoantigen research, the intrinsic challenges of the field, and potential pathways for clinical application in cancer treatment.
