Trends and sex disparities in the burden of urolithiasis in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021.
10.1097/CM9.0000000000003622
- Author:
Junjiong ZHENG
1
;
Qihang ZHANG
1
;
Jie ZHANG
1
;
Yuhui YAO
1
;
Li CHEN
2
;
Yunfei LIU
2
;
Yi SONG
2
;
Tianxin LIN
1
;
Guohua HE
3
Author Information
1. Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
2. Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China.
3. Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Disability-adjusted life years;
Disease burden;
Incidence;
Mortality;
Sex disparity;
Sociodemographic index;
Urolithiasis
- MeSH:
Humans;
Urolithiasis/mortality*;
Male;
Female;
Incidence;
Global Burden of Disease;
Disability-Adjusted Life Years;
Adult;
Middle Aged;
Risk Factors;
Sex Factors
- From:
Chinese Medical Journal
2025;138(16):1973-1983
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Urolithiasis is a widespread disease with a high prevalence worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the disease burden of urolithiasis and its trends from 1990 to 2021 globally, based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 database.
METHODS:The numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of urolithiasis were extracted from GBD 2021 to represent the disease burden. Joinpoint regression analyses were conducted to assess the temporal trends in the burden of urolithiasis. The male-to-female ASR ratio indices were used to evaluate sex disparities. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the ASR ratio and the sociodemographic index (SDI).
RESULTS:The total numbers of incidence, DALY, and mortality of urolithiasis were 105,983,780 cases (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 88,349,356-128,645,155 cases), 693,444 cases (95% UI = 567,765-850,490 cases), and 17,672 cases (95% UI = 13,932-21,241 cases), respectively, in 2021. There is an increasing trend in the number of these measures globally, whereas the ASRs have decreased over the past 30 years. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) were significantly higher in males than in females in 2021. The sex disparities in the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) and ASMR of urolithiasis were negatively correlated with the SDI. In 2021, the ASIR of urolithiasis was 964.70 (95% UI = 801.26-1175.09) per 100,000 people in China, which is much lower than the global average (1242.84 [95% UI = 1034.94-1506.99] per 100,000 people). Compared with the global average, a more pronounced decline in ASIR was observed in China from 1793.16 (1446.0-2235.14) in 1990 to 964.70 (801.26-1175.09) per 100,000 people in 2021.
CONCLUSIONS:Urolithiasis poses a significant healthcare burden worldwide. More robust global and national strategies are warranted to address the prevention and treatment, especially in low SDI countries and regions.
