Inflammatory disorders that affect the cerebral small vessels.
10.1097/CM9.0000000000003574
- Author:
Fei HAN
1
;
Siyuan FAN
1
;
Bo HOU
2
;
Lixin ZHOU
1
;
Ming YAO
1
;
Min SHEN
3
;
Yicheng ZHU
1
;
Joanna M WARDLAW
4
;
Jun NI
1
Author Information
1. Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
2. Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
3. Department of Rare Diseases, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
4. Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Cerebral small vessels;
Diagnosis;
Immunology;
Inflammation;
Pathogenesis;
Therapy;
Vasculitis
- MeSH:
Humans;
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/pathology*;
Inflammation/pathology*;
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/pathology*;
Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/pathology*;
Vasculitis/pathology*
- From:
Chinese Medical Journal
2025;138(11):1301-1312
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
This comprehensive review synthesizes the latest advancements in understanding inflammatory disorders affecting cerebral small vessels, a distinct yet understudied category within cerebral small vessel diseases (SVD). Unlike classical SVD, these inflammatory conditions exhibit unique clinical presentations, imaging patterns, and pathophysiological mechanisms, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Highlighting their heterogeneity, this review spans primary angiitis of the central nervous system, cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation, systemic vasculitis, secondary vasculitis, and vasculitis in autoinflammatory diseases. Key discussions focus on emerging insights into immune-mediated processes, neuroimaging characteristics, and histopathological distinctions. Furthermore, this review underscores the importance of standardized diagnostic frameworks, individualized immunomodulation approaches, and novel targeted therapies to address unmet clinical demands.
