Oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and its complications: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.
10.1097/CM9.0000000000003230
- Author:
Xingyu CHEN
1
;
Na XIE
2
;
Lixiang FENG
2
;
Yujing HUANG
2
;
Yuyao WU
3
;
Huili ZHU
4
;
Jing TANG
1
;
Yuanyuan ZHANG
5
Author Information
1. Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
2. Sichuan International Science and Technology Center for Stress Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
3. Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Macao 999078, China.
4. Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
5. Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
- Publication Type:Review
- MeSH:
Oxidative Stress/physiology*;
Humans;
Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology*;
Diabetes Complications/metabolism*;
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*;
Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism*;
Animals
- From:
Chinese Medical Journal
2025;138(1):15-27
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Oxidative stress due to aberrant metabolism is considered as a crucial contributor to diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia boost excessive reactive oxygen species generation by elevated mitochondrial respiration, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and enhanced pro-oxidative processes, including protein kinase C pathways, hexosamine, polyol, and advanced glycation endproducts, which exacerbate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the onset of diabetes and its associated complications by impairing insulin production, increasing insulin resistance, maintaining hyperglycemic memory, and inducing systemic inflammation. A more profound comprehension of the molecular processes that link oxidative stress to diabetes is crucial to new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying how oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus and its complications. We also summarize the current approaches for prevention and treatment by targeting the oxidative stress pathways in diabetes.
