Seroprevalence and influencing factors of low-level neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in community residents
10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2025.24689
- VernacularTitle:社区自然人群新型冠状病毒低水平中和抗体情况及其相关因素分析
- Author:
Shiying YUAN
1
;
Jingyi ZHANG
2
;
Huanyu WU
1
;
Weibing WANG
3
;
Genming ZHAO
3
;
Xiao YU
1
;
Xiaoying MA
4
;
Min CHEN
2
;
Xiaodong SUN
1
;
Zhuoying HUANG
4
;
Zhonghui MA
3
;
Yaxu ZHENG
1
;
Jian CHEN
1
Author Information
1. Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China
2. Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China
3. School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
4. Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2;
neutralizing antibody (NAb);
low-level;
booster immunization
- From:
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
2025;37(5):403-409
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo understand the seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and low-level NAb against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community residents, and to explore the impact of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the levels of NAb in human serum. MethodsOn the ground of surveillance cohort for acute infectious diseases in community populations in Shanghai, a proportional stratified sampling method was used to enroll the subjects at a 20% proportion for each age group (0‒14, 15‒24, 25‒59, and ≥60 years old). Blood samples collection and serum SARS-CoV-2 NAb concentration testing were conducted from March to April 2023. Low-level NAb were defined as below the 25th percentile of NAb. ResultsA total of 2 230 participants were included, the positive rate of NAb was 97.58%, and the proportion of low-level NAb was 25.02% (558/2 230). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, infection history and vaccination status were correlated with low-level NAb (all P<0.05). Individuals aged 60 years and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. There was a statistically significant interaction between booster vaccination and one single infection (aOR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.19‒0.77). Compared to individuals without vaccination, among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 once, both primary immunization (aOR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.16‒0.35) and booster immunization (aOR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.08‒0.17) significantly reduced the risk of low-level NAb; among individuals without infections, only booster immunization (aOR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.14‒0.52) showed a negative correlation with the risk of low-level NAb. ConclusionsThe population aged 60 and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. Regardless of infection history, a booster immunization could reduce the risk of low-level NAb. It is recommended that eligible individuals , especially the elderly, should get vaccinated in a timely manner to exert the protective role of NAb.
