The Role and Clinical Application Progress of Exosomes in Gynecological Malignancies
10.13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ（med.sci）.2025.0210
- VernacularTitle:外泌体在妇科恶性肿瘤中的作用及临床应用进展
- Author:
Fengmei ZHANG
1
;
Hongfang LI
2
Author Information
1. First Clinical Medical School， Gansu University of Chinese Medicine， Lanzhou 730000， China
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology， The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou City， Lanzhou 730000， China
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
exosomes;
gynecological malignancies;
cervical cancer;
ovarian cancer;
endometrial cancer;
clinical application
- From:
Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences)
2025;46(2):266-274
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Exosomes are small vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure that have applied in precision medicine due to their non-invasive nature， high accessibility， and stability. Exosomes play a crucial role in processes such as tumor metastasis， invasion， and angiogenesis. Gynecological malignancies primarily include cervical cancer， ovarian cancer， and endometrial cancer， and their early diagnosis and treatment have long been a focus of research. As novel biological markers， exosomes exhibit high specificity and can effectively block the occurrence and progression of gynecological malignancies. This article explores the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes in cervical cancer， ovarian cancer， and endometrial cancer in detail. In cervical cancer， exosomes are involved in processes such as HPV infection， angiogenesis， and immune evasion， with specific miRNAs （such as miR-30d-5p and let-7d-3p） serving as diagnostic markers. Furthermore， exosomes can act as targeted drug delivery vehicles and vaccine development platforms. In ovarian cancer， the miRNAs carried by exosomes （such as miR-21 and the miR-200 family） have reference value for early diagnosis， and exosomes play an important role in chemotherapy resistance and tumor progression. For endometrial cancer， miRNAs in exosomes （such as miR-15a-5p and miR-106b-5p） can serve as biomarkers for early detection. Additionally， this article highlights the challenges faced by exosomes in clinical applications， such as the complexity of isolation and extraction and the identification of cell sources， and emphasizes the necessity for further basic research and clinical trials. This study provides new ideas and methods for the early diagnosis and precision treatment of gynecological malignancies， holding significant theoretical and clinical importance.
