Health impact of particulate matter (PM) in Ulaanbaatar city
- VernacularTitle:Улаанбаатар хотын агаарын тоосонцор (PM)-ын эрүүл мэндэд үзүүлэх нөлөөлөл
- Author:
Enkhjargal A
1
;
Burmaajav B
2
Author Information
1. Ach Medical University
2. Ach Medical University;Mongolian Academy of Sciences
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
air pollution;
cardiovascular and respiratory system disease;
DALY;
meteorological factors;
Ulaanbaatar
- From:Mongolian Medical Sciences
2024;209(3):29-39
- CountryMongolia
- Language:Mongolian
-
Abstract:
Background:Air pollution significantly impacts population health, particularly by contributing
to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which are among the leading causes
of morbidity and mortality. Health effects attributable to long-term exposure
to PM2.5 include ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), lower-respiratory infections (such as pneumonia), stroke, type 2
diabetes, and adverse birth outcomes.
Objective:The study aimed to identify the short-term impact of PM on human health and to
estimate the disease burden from the mortality associated with ambient air pollution.
Materials and Methods:Daily data for air quality in Ulaanbaatar and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and
respiratory system disease (RSD) data for the period of 2008-2017 were used in the
study. This is a time-series crossover study estimated the effects of short-term exposure
to main air pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 on the selected 2 diseases RSD (pneumonia,
COPD) and CVD (ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease). Statistical
analysis were conducted by the SPSS-21 and STATA 12 programs to determine the
correlation between disease and pollution and confirmed by appropriate parametric
and non-parametric tests.
Results:The 24-hour average concentration of PM10 in the cold season was 226.77 µg/m3.
The 24-hour average РМ2.5 concentration in the cold season was by 3.9 times higher
than in the warm season, 2.3 times higher than the national standard level, and 8.6
times higher than the WHO Air quality guidelines value. Whereas, the concentration of PM10 was 2.4 times higher than in the warm season, 3.6 times higher than the
national standard level, and 9.1 times higher than the WHO recommended value.
Trend analysis of the average annual concentration of pollutants revealed that PM10
and PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 33.1%-46.2%, while the concentration of
SO2 and NO2 had increased by 20.5-36.8%. Furthermore, all lags of all pollutants
had a significant correlation with pneumonia and other chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (p<0.001)). Statistically significant associations were also found for all air
pollutants such as PM10 and PM2.5 in all lags with RSD and CVD admission in the
cold season.
Conclusion :Concentrations of ambient air pollutants and some meteorological factors have
a direct correlation with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and associated
mortality. Reducing the number of primary air pollutants by 10 units would most
likely reduce hospital admission by 0.1-9.8% and mortality by 0.1-9.5%.
- Full text:2025060516272100653MMS-2024-209(3)-29-39.pdf
