Antifungal evaluation and mechanism study of ALK inhibitor HG-14-10-04
10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0695
- VernacularTitle:ALK抑制剂HG-14-10-04的抗真菌活性及其作用机制研究
- Author:
Wei LIU
1
;
Yan-hong LIU
1
;
Ping NI
1
;
Meng-sha ZHANG
1
;
Yi MA
1
;
Sheng-zheng WANG
2
Author Information
1. School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi′an
2. School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi′an
- Publication Type:Research Article
- Keywords:
anaplasticlymphoma kinase inhibitor;
antifungal activity;
biofilm;
transcriptome sequencing;
reactive oxygen species;
cell wall
- From:
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
2024;59(12):3282-3290
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Invasive fungal infections threaten the lives and health of humans, especially immunodeficient patients or hospitalized patients with serious underlying diseases, and impose a heavy economic burden on society. The emergence of drug-resistant fungi, the formation of biofilms, and the limits and side effects of existing antifungal drugs increase the difficulty of clinical treatment, and there is an urgent need for the development of novel antifungal drugs. Therefore, based on previous kinase chemical library antifungal activity screening studies, this paper further investigates the activity of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor 3-[5-chloro-2-({2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)hexahydropyridin-1-yl]phenyl}amino)pyrimidin-4-yl]-1H-indole (HG-14-10-04, HG) against various fungi and elucidates its mechanism of action. The in vitro antifungal activity of HG was evaluated by micro liquid-dilution method, time-killing curve, mycelium formation and biofilm formation assays. The results showed that HG exhibited inhibitory and even fungicidal effects against sensitive and resistant Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis (MICs = 8-16 μg·mL-1); HG significantly inhibited the mycelium and biofilm formation, and destroyed the mature biofilm; and it exhibited synergistic antifungal effects with amphotericin B. The antifungal mechanism of HG was investigated by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy, etc. Sequencing analysis showed a total of 1 041 differentially expressed genes, of which 666 were up-regulated and 375 were down-regulated. According to the GO functional classification results, the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in ribosome production, oxidation-reduction and other functions, while the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in the synthesis of carbohydrate, glycoproteins, glycolipids and their metabolism, GPI anchor synthesis, and cytoskeleton and other functions. In addition, HG could significantly increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce the fungal necrosis, block the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and change the ultrastructure of the fungi, especially the structure of the fungal cell wall. Therefore, the enhanced inhibitory and fungicidal activity of HG may be related to the elevation of ROS, alteration of cellular ultrastructure (especially cell wall structure) and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Further optimization of its structure will provide a basis for the discovery of novel antifungal drugs or lead compounds.
