Epidemiological investigation of emergency children’s facial trauma
10.3760/cma.j.cn114453-20200425-00244
- VernacularTitle:儿童急诊面部外伤流行病学特征分析
- Author:
Haiyang SUN
1
;
Xiaoyan TAN
;
Ping YAO
;
Hao GUO
;
Yanyan SHI
;
Hua LI
Author Information
1. 浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院整形外科，杭州 310016；杭州整形医院整形外科 310014
- Keywords:
Child;
Emergency treatment;
Facial injuries;
Cicatrix;
Epidemiology
- From:
Chinese Journal of Plastic Surgery
2020;36(8):860-865
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of emergency children’s facial trauma in Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital.Methods:Medical records of emergency children’s facial trauma, aged 15 and under, were collected from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Data of gender and age, time of trauma, visiting time, causes of trauma, location, types, length and depth of wound, anesthesia method, treatment and evaluation of postoperative scars were analyzed and enumeration data were processed with chi-square test.Results:9 002 cases (male 5 593 cases, female 3 409 cases) were in the group. The ratio of male to female was 1.64∶1. The age range was (4.6±2.9) years old, the youngest case was 1 month. They were divided into 5 age brackets: less than or equal to 1 year old, more than 1 year old and less than or equal to 3 years old, more than 3 years old and less than or equal to 6 years old, more than 6 years old and less than or equal to 12 years old, more than 12 years old and less than or equal to 15 years old. Children more than 1 year old and less than or equal to 3 years old ranked the largest number(4 505 cases, 50.0%) in the 5 age brackets. There was statistically significant difference in constituent ratios of gender of children among the 5 age brackets ( χ2=23.12, P<0.001). Children’s facial trauma mainly occurred in 9: 00-12: 00 and 16: 00-21: 00, the most injury time was 19: 00-20: 00. Children’s facial trauma was more likely to happen in December (1 002, 11.13%). Contuse (falling) was the main cause of trauma (7 786, 86.49%). The vulnerable anatomic site was forehead. In the 3 age brackets(less than or equal to 3 year old, more than 3 year old and less than or equal to 6 years old, more than 6 years old and less than or equal to 15 years old), the proportion of forehead injury was decreased in turn and there was statistically significant difference in constituent ratios of trauma site ( χ2=401.22, P<0.001). The main trauma type was contused laceration (8 757, 97.28%). The wound depth was mainly middle layer (fat layer, muscular layer, 5 262, 58.45%) and then deep layer (cartilage layer, periosteal layer, 3 601, 40.00%). The would length was(1.9±1.0) cm(0.2-15.0 cm). The main anesthesia method was local anesthesia (8 757, 97.28%), and the other was basal anesthesia or general anesthesia intubation. The follow-up children (7 465 cases) were treated by primary or stage plastic surgery and one or more combined anti-scars measures. After 3 months to 2 years follow-up, 8 cases of animal scratches and bites, lip penetrating wound or teeth gouges were infected postoperatively, 28 cases had scar hyperplasia and the others achieved satisfactory result and the scars were not obvious. Conclusions:Children’s facial trauma have special occurrence regularity and targeted prevent measures can reduce the incidence rates. After facial injury, children should go to the plastic surgery department for treatment in time and accept combined anti-scars measures, to minimize the postoperative scar.
