Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in China, 2016-2018
10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200116-00037
- VernacularTitle:2016-2018年我国狂犬病流行特征分析
- Author:
Jiajia LIU
1
;
Lin DUO
;
Xiaoyan TAO
;
Wuyang ZHU
Author Information
1. 昆明医科大学阜外心血管病医院 650032；中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所，国家卫生健康委员会生物安全重点实验室，北京 102206；中国科学院生物安全大科学研究中心，武汉 430071
- Keywords:
Rabies;
Epidemiological features;
Surveillance
- From:
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
2021;42(1):131-136
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To analyze epidemiological characteristics and explore control and prevention measures based on the rabies surveillance data in China from 2016 to 2018.Methods:The surveillance data of rabies in China from 2016-2018 were collected from the "Infectious Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System", eleven national surveillance sites in Hunan, Anhui, Guizhou, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces and National Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the distributions of rabies outbreaks in China during this period, and univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on the data using SPSS 25.0.Results:Rabies epidemics were mainly found in southern and central areas in China. Rabies mainly occurred in summer and autumn, and the majority of patients were farmers, students and children outside child care settings. The male to female ratio of the cases was 2.38∶1(1 114∶468). The cases were reported in all age groups and the incidence curve was bimodal, and more cases occurred in middle aged and old adults than in youths. In the case analysis of rabies from 2016 to 2018, the majority of the animals biting human were dogs, accounting for 91.46%(439/480). And about 71.88% (345/480) of the exposures were degree Ⅲ. The vaccination rate after exposure was only 8.13%(39/480). Age, degree of exposure, site of exposure, wound management, vaccination and injection of passive immunization product might influence the incubation period.Conclusions:The human rabies incidence in China declined consecutively from 2016 to 2018, and the affected areas decreased. No cases were reported in northwestern area. The rate of post exposure prophylaxis, vaccination and passive immunization product injection were all improved, but the level of standard wound management after exposure needs to be improved. Attention should be paid to epidemic surveillance in high-incidence provinces and neighboring provinces. It is necessary to strengthen professional treatment training in relevant medical institutions, strengthen immunization and management of dog to achieve the goal of "zero human rabies death by 2030".
