Progress of olfactory changes in metabolic diseases and the mechanisms
10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.01.015
- VernacularTitle:代谢性疾病与嗅觉改变及其机制进展
- Author:
Qian WU
1
;
Huating LI
Author Information
1. 上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院内分泌代谢科,上海市糖尿病研究所,上海市糖尿病重点实验室,上海市糖尿病临床医学中心,上海 200233;上海交通大学医学院,上海 200025
- Keywords:
obesity;
diabetes mellitus;
olfactory function;
metabolic diseases;
cognitive impairment
- From:
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science)
2024;44(1):131-136
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Metabolic disorders,characterized by a complex pathogenesis,are experiencing a rising prevalence globally and a trend toward younger populations,making them a significant public health concern.Olfaction,a crucial sensory function,plays a pivotal role in an individual's nutrition and quality of life.There is a bidirectional relationship between obesity and olfactory function.Olfaction is influenced by nutritional status;simultaneously,it plays a vital role in the regulation of food intake,energy expenditure,and lipid metabolism.Moreover,individuals with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit olfactory dysfunction.Mechanisms underlying olfactory changes in metabolic disorders involve alterations in metabolic states such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.These changes can lead to dysregulation of peptide hormones,adipocyte factors,and neurotransmitters,which may potentially act as mediators between metabolic disorders and olfactory dysfunction.Vascular and neural alterations resulting from metabolic disorders can directly damage olfactory nerves or induce abnormal neural transmission.Furthermore,dysbiosis in the gut microbiota induced by metabolic disorders is a potential mechanism for olfactory dysfunction.Cognitive dysfunction is a significant complication of metabolic disorders.Olfactory dysfunction can serve as an early clinical manifestation of cognitive impairment and contributes to early identification and assessment of diseases.This article reviews recent researches on the relationship between metabolic diseases and olfactory changes and the potential mechanisms.
