We present an unusual case of a penetrating toothbrush injury in a 6-year old child. The injury was sustained due to a fall at home and resulted in accidental implantation of an adult toothbrush in the facial soft tissues. The toothbrush was removed under general anaesthesia without any complications. This case highlights a rare presentation involving extra oral penetration of a toothbrush which is not reported previously in the literature.
Wounds and Injuries ; Toothbrushing ; Child

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to contribute to the development of an oral health education program on organized professional toothbrushing by determining its effects on plaque control in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The subjects in the experimental group participated in the professional toothbrushing and oral health education weekly for 4 weeks, and those in the control group participated in the same program without professional toothbrushing education. RESULTS: The difference in knowledge, attitude, and behaviors on oral health was higher among the experimental group who underwent professional toothbrushing and oral health education program than those in the control group. The effects of toothbrushing time on the plaque index were significantly lower in experimental group than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that adequate oral health and professional toothbrushing education program should be implemented to improve oral health.
Education ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Toothbrushing

Many factors have been implicated in the etiology of gingival recession, including faulty toothbrushing, the position of the tooth in the arch(malalignment), the presence of inflammation, frenal attachment, impingement of restoration margins, orthodontic treatment and trauma from occlusion. Among the many factors, this study was to evaluate the relationship of occlusion and gingival recession. 640 teeth without other etiologic factors of gingival recession were evaluated in 40 subjects aged 21-59 years. Only 1st, 2nd premolar and molar were included in this study. We recorded nonworking contacts, working contacts, cervical abrasion, sex, gingival recession and evaluated that relation of occlusion and gingival recession. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Teeth with nonworking contacts were significantly more gingival recession than teeth without nonworking contacts.(p<0.01) 2. Teeth with working contacts were significantly more gingival recession than teeth without working contacts.(p<0.01) 3. Teeth with cervical lesion were significantly more gingival recession than teeth without cervical lesion.(p<0.01) 4. Men's teeth were more gingival recession than women's teeth but it was not significant.(p>0.01)
Bicuspid ; Gingival Recession* ; Inflammation ; Molar ; Tooth ; Toothbrushing

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth color changes of resin bonding sites and their adjacent sites on orthodontic bracket bonding. Sixty extracted sound premolars were used and the tooth color was recorded according to the CIE L(*)a(*)b(*) color system using a spectrophotometer. The tooth colors of the twenty premolars were measured and compared before bracket bonding and after removal. On a further twenty premolars, the tooth color was measured before and after only primer application. In the change of L(*) values, according to the bracket bonding and primer application, the lightness was decreased, and in the change of a(*) and b(*) values, the color was changed into a more yellowish color. The color differences (delta E(*)) were calculated from the L(*)a(*)b(*) values and compared with the standard value of clinical detection (delta E(*)=3.7). The color differences between before the bracket bonding and after removal noted exceeded the standard value and those of between before and after the primer application were not larger than the standard value. Toothbrushing was performed after application of the primer to evaluate the color changes according to the primer abrasion. As a control, toothbrushing was performed on the last twenty premolars. The color differences noted were larger than the standard value after toothbrushing. Also, to evaluate the color changes of the tooth which is exposed to sun irradiation after bracket removal, additional photoaging was performed and the color was measured for all teeth. The additional color differences after photoaging were smaller than the standard value. The above results suggest that the tooth color changes after fixed orthodontic treatment.
Bicuspid ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Solar System ; Tooth* ; Toothbrushing

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of job characteristics and non-regular work on the toothbrushing habit and oral check-up in Korean worker.METHODS: This study was approved for the use of raw data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KAHANES, 2016). The raw data was analyzed by complex sampling analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was determined as P < 0.05.RESULTS: The non-regular workers had lower rate of toothbrushing more than twice a day, toothbrushing after lunch, and oral check-up than regular workers. Compared to non-regular workers, the odds ratio of toothbrushing and oral check-up at regular workers increased by 1,464 and 1,717 times, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to find specific directions to expand the oral check-up program so that all workers, including non-regular workers and part-time workers.
Korea ; Lunch ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Toothbrushing

PURPOSE: To test the plaque-removal efficacy of a single-tufted toothbrush on the posterior molars compared with a flat-trimmed toothbrush. METHODS: Forty-nine subjects were selected. Professional instruction and written brushing instructions were given. After thorough supra-gingival scaling and polishing, all subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours prior to the first experiment. The subjects were randomized to a treatment sequence. The modified Quigley and Hein plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing, at 6 surfaces of the posterior molars. After a wash-out period, all the remaining plaque was removed professionally. Twenty-four hours of brushing abstinence was again performed. The plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing after the subjects were given the second toothbrush in the cross-over sequence. RESULTS: The percentage reductions in plaque scores achieved with the single-tufted brushes were significantly higher than those of the flat-trimmed brush at the maxillary buccal interproximal, marginal and mandibular lingual interproximal site. The other locations showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study implied that the single-tufted brush could be an effective tool for the removal of plaque at some, but not all, sites of the posterior molars.
Dental Equipment ; Dental Plaque ; Molar ; Oral Hygiene ; Toothbrushing

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term tooth-brushing effect on the color change of specially treated IPS Empress porcelain surface. Staining technique with blue stain and liquid was used. The surfaces of the specimen were treated with 5% and 10% Hydrofluoric acid, 50mm and 250mm alumina sandblast, and then blue stain and liquid were used for external stain. After 29,200, 58,400, 87,600, 116,200 brushing strokes (equivalent to 2, 4, 6, 8 years each), color changes of the stained layer were measured with spectrophotometer(CM-3500d, MINOLTA, Thkyo, Japan). The result of this study was obtained as follows : 1. The color changes were great after 29,200 tooth brushing strokes in every group, but from 29,200 strokes to 116,800 strokes, there were no significant color changes in each group.(p>0.05) 2. The greatest color changes were observed in 5% HF treated group and the least color changes were observed in 50 micrometer aluminar sandblast treated group in every stroke(p<0.05), but no ststistical difference between groups compared with control group(p>0.05). According to these results, pretreatment of I.P.S. Empress porcelain with alumina sandblast improved the color of IPS Empress porcelain significantly on this condition, but long term follow-up will be needed.
Aluminum Oxide ; Dental Porcelain* ; Hydrofluoric Acid ; Stroke ; Tooth ; Toothbrushing*

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of surface sealing materials on microleakage and surface roughness in Class V composite restorations. Twenty five standardized Class V cavity preparations were made on the facial surface of human premolars and were randomly assigned to 5 groups. The teeth were restored with Z-250 after applying Single Bond. Following 7 days storage in distilled water at 37degrees C, the restorations were sealed as following systems : No sealing ; Single Bond Adhesive ; Biscover ; Fortify ; Optiguard. Then, toothbrush abrasion test was conducted using a wear testing machine. Surface roughness was measured by means of profilometer before and after toothbrushing and the results were statistically analysed by using a paired t-test and ANOVA. The bonded interfaces and the changes of surface roughness were examined by SEM. For microleakage test, specimens were stained in a 2% methylene blue solution, then longitudinally sectioned and analyzed for leakage at occlusal and cervical interfaces using stereomicroscope. The results were statistically analysed by using a Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Surface roughness was increasing in all groups after toothbrushing, but no statistically significant differences. In SEM observation, surface sealant was partially retained and partially detached in bonded interfaces. Especially, microgap was identified in cervical margins. In microleakage test, there was better seal in the enamel region and a significant difference between groups at occlusal margin. Control group and Single Bond group had significantly better marginal seal at enamel margin than cervical margin.
Adhesives ; Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Tooth ; Toothbrushing ; Water

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasion-resistance of root surface after NaF iontophoresis, Nd:YAG laser irradiation and combined treatment 50 anterior teeth with flat interproximal root surface that had been extracted due to periodontal destruction were selected. All teeth were treated by the same procedure as conventional periodontal root treatment, such as scaling and root planing, root conditioning with tetracycline HCl(100mg/ml, 5min). The pre-treatment weight of each tooth was measured by a dial scale(SHIMADEU Co., LIBROR EB-220HU, capacity 220.000 g, Japan). All teeth were divided into 5 groups as follows; Nd:YAG laser irradiation(group 1, 1 W, 100 mJ, 10Hz, fiberoptic-root surface distance=5mm, 10 sec.x6times, EL.EN.EN060, Italy); NaF iontophoresis(group 2, 150micronA, 4 min.); Nd:YAG laser irradiation following NaF iontophoresis(group 3); NaF iontophoresis following Nd:YAG laser irradiation(group 4); No treatment(control group). Electric toothbrushing (Oral-B, Brown Co., Germany) was conducted during 1 hour(10 min.x6 times). Subsequently post-treatment weight was remeasured by the same method as pre-treatment weight measurement. The difference of abrasion rate among all groups was statistically analyzed by ANOVA(SAS program). Following results were obtained; 1. The abrasion rate was significantly lower in Nd:YAG laser irradiation group than NaF iontophoresis group(p < 0.001). 2. The abrasion rate was significantly lower in combined groups of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and NaF iontophoresis than either Nd:YAG laser irradiation group or NaF iontophoresis group(p < 0.001). 3. There was no significant difference in abrasion rate according to application order in the combined groups(p > 0.05). 4. The abrasion rate was significantly lower in all experimental groups than control group(p < 0.001). The results suggest that combined treatment of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and NaF iontophoresis on exposed root surface after periodontal therapy can enhance the abrasion-resistance of root surface and may inhibit the root caries development.
Iontophoresis* ; Root Caries ; Root Planing ; Tetracycline ; Tooth ; Toothbrushing

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to compare clinical antiplaque and antigingivitis effect between Light Emitting Diode (LED) electronic toothbrush and electronic toothbrush without LED for gingivitis and mild periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients included in this study. 15 patients in experimental group used LED electronic tooth brush which has red and white LED within its head, and other 15 patients in control group used same product which specially modified that function without LED. Clinical parameters (Löe-Silness gingival index (GI), Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI)) were measured at the baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks later. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compare of GI change between experimental and control group with time, both groups showed that reduced GI, but lower GI values detected at 2 weeks and 4 weeks later in experimental group than control group. And lower PI values detected at 4 weeks later in experimental group than control group, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Based on these results and within the limits of this study, the electronic toothbrush with LED could reducing gingivitis in a short period and infer that decreasing plaque accumulation in a long period.
Gingivitis* ; Head ; Humans ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Phototherapy ; Tooth ; Toothbrushing