No abstract available.
Strabismus*

No abstract available.
Strabismus*

Numerous authors published tables showing the amount of strabismus surgery and the effectivity. Although Scobee and Knapp etc. stressed the difficulty of making an accurate prediction of strabismus surgery. the standardized formula of the surgical treatment of strabismus has long been the ambition of ophthalmologist. Author agreed with the opinion of Dyer who provided the ophthalmologist with excellent tables suggesting combinations of muscles and amount of surgery to correct various types of strabismus and so 132 cases of comitant horizontal strabismus treated surgically with Dyer method at Kong Eye Clinic from August 1975 to July 1976 were analyzed. With author's data. this paper present a mathematical formula to estimate the amount of strabismus surgery.
Muscles ; Strabismus*

A study on 96 children with squint of which cross-eyed (74) treated in the institute of ophthalmology during 1993-1996 has shown that the merely exercise treatment recovered the biocular vision well for squint, for the latent squint at high grade, alternant squint at high grade, local accommodative cross eyed and concomitant squint at high grade, it should combine the exercise and balance surgical treatment.
Strabismus ; child

Plication of horizontal recti with many advantages in the treatment of strabismus has been applied by many authors in the world, but not yet in Vietnam. Objectives: to evaluate the results of this surgery that applied in Vietnamese. Methods: Prescriptive, longitudinal prospective study that had been done in Hanoi National Institute of Ophthalmology from 9/2003 to 9/2004. Results: In postoperative period, 83.3% of cases with exotropia and 89.6% of cases with esotropia are well corrected after 6 months, 100% of operated eyes are well healed with a smooth conjunctive scars and 52.62 % of operated patients have got a full binocular vision after 3 months following up. The rate of the eyes with suspected amblyopia is reduced from 18.8% to 9.8%, with moderate amblyopia is also reduced from 8.8% to 2.4% by 6 months postoperatively, but the rate of the eyes with severe amblyopia is not significantly changed after surgery. Conclusion: Plication of horizontal recti is a safe, effective method for correction of strabismus, especially when it is necessary to do surgery on many extra-ocular muscles in the same eye.
Strabismus ; Therapeutics

Anterior transposition of inferior oblique muscle(ATIO) is known to an effective procedure for correcting marked overaction of inferior oblique muscle. However, depression in abduction and elevation deficiency in primary and abduction positions have occurred without adherence syndrome after this procedure. To avoid these complications, the author modiffied ATIO by transposing only the anterior portion of inferior oblique muscle at 2mm anterior to the temporal insertion site of inferior rectus, and placing the posterior portion of muscle just posterior to the insertion site of inferior rectus. Modified ATIO was performed in 4 cases of inferior oblique overaction(IOOA) with dissociated vertical deviation(DVD), 2 cases of unilateral IOOA withcontralateral superior oblique overaction(SOOA) and 5 cases of superior oblique palsy(SOP) Knapp class IV. They were observed for over 6 months (6~18 months). Three of 4 cases of IOOA with DVD were improved but adherence syndrome occurred in one case and depression in abduction occurred in another case. In 2 cases of unilateral IOOA with contralateral SOOA, hypertropia was decreased from 20delta and 2delta respectively, after the procedure. In 5 cases of SOP Knapp class IV, preoperative hypertropia was 20delta-40delta in primary position. After modified ATIO, hypertropia was 0delta-20delta . The correction effect was 12delta-35delta , with an average of 18.4delta in primary position. In 4 of 5 cases, hypertropia was corrected within 10delta in primary position. Modified ATIO is an effective procedure for unilateral IOOA with contralateral SOOA and SOP Knapp class IV as a single muscle surgery.
Depression ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: To compare the surgical methods for the treatment of sub-V pattern intermittent exotropia. METHODS: Sub-V pattern intermittent exotropia is defined as 8-15 prism diopters (PD) less horizontal deviation in downgaze than in upgaze. The present study included 65 patients who underwent a standard recession procedure of the lateral rectus muscle (group I), oblique muscle surgery (group II) or vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscle (group III) and who were followed up for six months after the surgery. RESULTS: Surgical success was defined as vertical incomitance < or =5 PD; the success rate was 92% (23/25) in group I, 88.8% (16/18) in group II and 86.4% (19/22) in group III. Surgical success of the horizontal strabismus was defined as horizontal deviation < or =10 PD at primary position; the success rate was 87.9% (51/58) in the patients with vertical incomitance less than 5 PD, and 42.9% (3/7) in the patients with vertical incomitance greater than 6 PD. There was statistical significance in the success rate of horizontal strabismus according to the decrease in vertical incomitance (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistical significance of the difference in success rates of horizontal strabismus surgery regardless of vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscle or oblique muscle surgery. There was statistical significance in the difference in success rates of horizontal strabismus according to the reduction in vertical incomitance.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Muscles ; Strabismus

Hang-loose technique(HLT) is a reliable recession method in strabismus surgery. However, the loop length and the parallel of the anterior muscle border may not be sustained when the muscle was recessed behing the equator. This study was designed to assess the postoperative status of the large-recessed superior rectus muscle using the HLT and a modification of HLT(M-HLT) respectively in rabbits. Some of the recessed muscles with both techniques showed forward creeping. The average creeping was 0.5 mm on M-HLT and 1.1 mm on HLT in 7 mm recession group, and the difference was statistically significant(p=0.023). In 8 mm recession group, the average creeping was 1.0 mm on M-HLT and 1.8 mm on HLT. The difference was statistically significant(p=0.012). Although the parallel of the anterior muscle border was better on HLT than on M-HLT, the difference was not significant statistically. According to our result, M-HLT may be an useful alternative method in the cases of large recession with HLT.
Muscles ; Rabbits* ; Strabismus

During the strengthening and weakening procedures of intraocular muscles, distance of insertion from the sclerocorneal junction is an important determinant in the identification of muscles. During repositioning of the aponeurosis of the muscles, it is desired that the width should not change in order to avoid diversion of forces. Available anatomic studies on insertions of extraocular muscles are few, date back to early twentieth century and have been conducted on mostly white population. The present study is an attempt to document the insertions of recti and oblique muscles in Indian population. Forty eyeballs were removed from orbit. Insertion of recti and obliqui were cleaned and eyeballs were perfused with normal saline to regain the volume (hence shape and size) before recording observations. Insertion of recti and obliqui muscles were observed under various study parameters. The distance of insertion of recti from the limbus were found to be 7.3 mm, 8.06 mm, 8.71 mm, and 8.74 mm for medial, inferior, lateral, and superior rectus, respectively. The superior oblique was aponeurotic and found to be more variable in mode of insertion as compared to inferior oblique which had a fleshy and relatively constant insertion. The observations on insertion of recti and obliqui as obtained in present study differ from earlier studies to the tune of 1-1.5 mm. This may be attributed to adoption of method of reperfusion of eyeball before recording observations thus maintaining size close to in vivo. The observations are expected to be closer to actual.
Muscles* ; Orbit ; Reperfusion ; Strabismus

Anterior transposition is one of the most commonly used inferior oblique weakening procedures. It has been known to be effective in the case of dissociated vertical deviation with inferior oblique overaction or hypertropia due to superior oblique palsy.this study was undertaken to determine whether anterior transposition is effective in the correction of vertical deviation and head tilt in 19 patients with hypertropia due to superior oblique palsy. Preoperative average scale of inferior oblique overaction was +2.4+/-0.7mm, and the elimination of overaction was noted in 14 patients(74%). Preoperative prism-cover for hypertropia in primary position averaged 12.7+/-6.2, and the mean reduction of hypertropia in primary position was about 10. Head tilt was uniformly eliminated in 9 of 12 patients(75%). Therefore, we can expect the reduction of hypertropia about 10 and the elimination of head tilt, using only anterior transposition in hypertropia and inferior oblique overaction due to superior oblique palsy, especially when the amount of vertical deviation is within 13.
Head ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Strabismus*