2.Correction of the snail shell ear using the cartilage graft.
Young Soo KIM ; Moo Hyun PAIK ; Seung Hong KIM ; Dae Hong MIN
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1993;20(1):124-130
No abstract available.
Cartilage*
;
Ear*
;
Snails*
;
Transplants*
3.A glimpse of schistosomiasis control in mainland China and notes on cerebral schistosomiasis.
Journal of the Philippine Medical Association 0000;():0-
The methods of control of schistosomiasis in mainland China are discussed, namely: treatment of patients, snail control, control of stools, control of surface water supply, and personal protection. Authors experiences in cerebral schistosomiasis are also considered and compared with those of China
China, Snails, Water Supply
5.Studies on schistosomiasis: Further surveys in Mindanao.
PANGILINAN MV ; SARMIENTO AP ; PESIGAN TP
Journal of the Philippine Medical Association 0000;():0-
We have presented in this report the results of another schistosomiasis survey undertaken from October 19 to December 17, 1948 covering an extensive area of almost the whole island of Mindanao, during which we succeeded to establish definitely new endemic foci in the following localities: - Sitio Simaya, jurisdiction of Malaybalay, province of Bukidnon; Mactan, the rice-growing sector in the Davao Penal Colony; Calinan, district in the outskirts of Davao City; Tamparan in the eastern side of Lake Lanao; Barrio Salug, Aurora and Barrio Nipaan, Dipolog, southeastern and northern Zamboanga, respectively. In all these places, 1932 stool specimens were examined and 131 were found positive for Schistosoma japonicum eggs. Oncomelania quadrasi snails were also foundIn addition, 14 cases were also encountered in Barrio Panikepan, municipality of Pikit-Pagalungan, province of Cotabato, ten of whom never left the province. Despite an intensive but fruitless search for snails in and around that vicinity, the history of each of those ten cases who never left the province, strongly indicates that they could not have been infected elsewhere. Further search for snails in the future in these places may finally confirm this assumptionIn the light of the findings of this and of previous other surveys, it is very evident that the geographical distribution of schistosomiasis in the Philippines is much wider now than it was thought before. This should excite more and more the interest of all physicians throughout the country so that they will always be on the lookout for the first cases in their respective localities. Once, definite clues are found, we shall always be ready to assist in making a more thorough investigation, if called upon to do so. (Summary)
Schistosoma Japonicum, Mindanao, Snails
6.Purification of a ginsenoside-Rb1 hydrolase from Helix snailase.
Xin LIU ; Yu CUI ; Ling YANG ; Sheng-Li YANG
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2005;21(6):929-933
Through a combination of twice DEAE chromatography by NaCl stepwise and gradient elution with gel filtration chromatography, a kind of ginsenoside-Rb1 hydrolase from crude Helix snailase was separated. The hydrolase was purified to apparent homogeneity on SDS-PAGE. It was estimated that the purified hydrolase was consisted of four identical subunits with a molecular mass of 110-115 kD by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography. The Km and Vmax values for ginsenoside-Rb1 were calculated to be 0.790 mmol/L and 10.192 micromol/(min x mg) of protein respectively. The ginsenoside-Rb1 hydrolase could only hydrolyze the glycosidic bond at the C20 position of ginsenoside-Rb1 into ginsenoside-Rd.
Animals
;
Catalysis
;
Ginsenosides
;
metabolism
;
Helix (Snails)
;
enzymology
;
Hydrolases
;
chemistry
;
isolation & purification
;
metabolism
7.Evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from edible snails
Cajethan Onyebuchi Ezeamagu ; Victory Oribim Harry ; Emina Ama ; Joy Ndidiamaka Barns
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2021;17(2):155-164
Aims:
Food safety and drug resistance in bacteria are both important issues globally. Consumption of escargot
represents possible food safety problem especially when contaminated with an indicator and multi-drug resistant
bacteria. Hence, this study aimed to identify and evaluate susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from edible snails
Archachatina marginata to antibiotics.
Methodology and results:
A total of 60 edible snails, A. marginata were purchased from local markets in three states of
Nigeria. The edible snails were starved for three days and Enterobacteriaceae were isolated using microbiological
procedures. Bacteria was identified by sequencing its partial 16S rRNA, while susceptibility of the bacteria to antibiotic
was determined by disc diffusion method. Enterobacteriaceae obtained were Klebsiella (18), Escherichia (16),
Citrobacter (10), Salmonella (7) and Enterobacter (5) species. Out of the 56 isolates obtained, 21 (37.5%) were resistant
to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 9 (16.07%) were resistant to tetracycline and 4 (7.14%) were resistant to
co-trimoxazole.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
The number of isolates which show resistant to different antibiotic
classes was small. However, coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and
Enterobacter cloacae) isolated from edible snails represent a huge food safety risk to the consumers of edible snails.
Hence, high hygienic practices are required for the consumers of edible snails to prevent infection with pathogenic
bacteria.
Enterobacteriaceae--isolation &
;
purification
;
Snails
8.Studies on schistosomiasis: Second progress report on mass survey and other accomplishments as of December 31, 1951.
Journal of the Philippine Medical Association 0000;():0-
From one field unit trained, equipped, and organized in 1949-later increased to six in 1950, then to eight in the early part of 1951-but which was reduced to seven toward the end of the same year,-we have been able to make extensive fact-finding surveys of 132 towns of 16 provinces in the Philippines continuously for two and one-half years ending on December 31, 1951. The results obtained in these surveys are presented in this paper, with tables and maps showing the incidence and distribution of the diseaseEndemic areas were definitely established in 61 towns of 12 provinces, 123,291 people were examined, and a total of 10,796 cases were found positive on stool examination, giving a general incidence of 12.2%. Of these cases, 5,318 were treated with Fuadin; and 272, with NilodinSnail surveys in all these towns except one (Barugo) revealed many streams and swamps positive for Oncomelania quadrrasi snails. The spotty distribution of the snail population was quite striking-the snail density ranging from a few to several hundreds per square meter. An index of all these spots (816 in all) which were found positive for Oncomelania quadrasi snails was prepared with the corresponding map for each town. These indexes and maps now form the bases of our studies on snail controlOur previous finding in 1950 showing the exceedingly high incidence of intestinal parasitism, reaching 98.79% even in areas where schistosomiasis was not found, was further confirmed in these series of 123,291 stool examinations, with an incidence of 97.82%. We also found an incidence of 85.77% for arcariasis; 52.7% for trichuriasis; and 38.75% for hookworm infectionWith the conclusion of these surveys, it is anticipated that, given more time for the analysis and study of the data obtained, and with the forthcoming technical assistance from the WHO, we may be able to prepare a well-balanced national schistosomiasis control program which we hope will be possible of implementation in the near future. (Summary)
Health Surveys, Data Collection, Snails
9.Rapid identification of Oncomelania hupensis snail habitat in the Poyang Lake region by Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS).
Jiagang GUO ; Dandan LIN ; Guanghan HU ; An NING ; Hongyun LIU ; Shangbiao LU ; Dong LI ; Xiaohua WU ; Rongrong WANG ; Minggang CHEN ; Jiang ZHENG ; Marcel TANNER
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2002;23(2):99-101
OBJECTIVETo identify Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats and areas with high transmission potential by GIS/RS.
METHODSMarshland areas near high endemic villages of schistosomiasis in the Poyang Lake region were selected. Corresponding map was digitized and (Landsat 5 TM) image was corrected according to the digital map. The image in dry seasons was calculated by both normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and tasseled cap model.
RESULTSResult showed that snails spots were distributed in class 6, 7 and 8. Farther analysis of both NDVI and tasseled cap model showed that the snail habitats were mainly distributed in the areas where NDVI value was more than 110, and in tasseled cap wetness value between -10 to 3 with correction rate 94.93%.
CONCLUSIONFirst step was to use unsupervised classification to define the class 6, 7 and 8 snail habitat environment. Second step was to extract the value by NDVI model, and to define a healthy vegetation as snail suspicious habitat when NDVI value was more than 110. Then the third step was to use tasseled cap wetness model to define the areas as snail habitats which value was between -10 to 3.
Animals ; Demography ; Disease Vectors ; Schistosomiasis ; transmission ; Snails