1. Six cases are admitted in the Charity Surgical wards of the Philippine General Hospital with the clinical working diagnosis of chronic appendicitis; one as hernia, inguinal, indirect, complete, reducible, acquired, right and appendicitis chronic; two with the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis chronic (found to be acute at operation); three as appendicitis, acute and two as appendicitis, chronic, bilharzial2. Twelve cases were operated on for appendectomy; one for appendectomy and resection of the cecum and one for herniotomy and appendectomy3. Operative findings on the appendices of all these cases were similar-presence of sago-like tubercles on their walls, thickening of the walls, areas of infiltation, scars and extensive adhesions. These were similar to T.B4. Histopathological examination of all the removed appendices were made and revealed the presence of Schistosoma japonicum ova tubercles similar in histological structure to T.B. tubercle5. All the patients went home strong and walking and a follow up of these cases showed that they were relieved of their original complaints for which they sought admission to the hospital6. All the cases came from Leyte and Samar. (Summary)
Schistosoma Japonicum, Schistosoma, Appendectomy

In the U.S.T. Charity Hospital for the past 14 years, 1946-1959, a total of 127 cases of schistosomiasis were admitted. The majority 150 in number, came after 1950Majority of these patients came either from Leyte or Samar, 48 from the former and 34 from the later with a slight female predominance of 56.7% and a major age distribution between 10-30 years or 68.52%Diagnosis was confirmed in 49 instances by at least one diagnostic aid, Group I, and in others without objective proof but by clinical and epidemiological evidence, Group II. The remainder of the cases, though not showing schistosomiasis in the usual form, disclosed the disease at autopsy, and/or biopsyOn the basis of Pesigans grading, our cases chiefly belong to Grades C and D with a few in Grade E. Lack of cases in Grade A and B was probably due to the distant location of our hospital from endemic areas, and therefore the unlikelihood of getting early casesClinically abdominal complaints were the predominant feature, in the form of diarrhea or dysentery, abdominal pain, liver involvement including portal hypertension, jaundice and splenomegaly. Hematemesis and melena featured in 14% of the casesStools examination with acid-ether concentration technique proved the more reliable objective diagnostic aid in our series, followed by skin test and of course histological studiesThe frequency of involvement of the appendix in our cases stresses this particular aspect of the disease. The liver, colon, lungs and spleen were also frequently affected. In most instances, co-existing parasitic disease is also found. Of special interest are 4 cases which showed co-existing malignancy of either liver or intestines, a finding deserving further study. Likewise, calcification in one of the abdominal viscera appears to be one important clue in this disease, especially in a patient coming from an endemic areaAs far as Fuadin therapy is concerned, as used in this series, results were variable. In some cases control of diarrhea, relief of abdominal pain, subsidence of fever were achieved. In the advanced cases with irreversible hepato-splenomegaly, no noticeable change was observed. (Summary)
Schistosoma, Schistosomicides

Observation made on the egg output of some experimental monkeys and pigs infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae show that after a certain period of time from the date of non-overwhelming initial infection, sufficient resistance may be induced against S. japonicum reinfections. This was noted after 31 months on monkeys and a relatively shorter period of time in pigs after their initial infections. It could, therefore, be surmised that in order to resist to a sufficient degree a big dose of cercarial infections, a longer time interval between initial and challenge infection is necessary. Inasmuch as the data presented are limited, it is felt that further investigations along this line should be carried out.(Auth. Abs.)
Schistosoma Japonicum

The presentation consists of two main parts which deal on the evaluation of the Merthiolate-Iodine-Formaldehyde-Concentration (MIFC) technique of stool examination and the recommended improved method for schistosome egg counting. It is felt that studies along this line will be a practical value in the assessment of the efficacy of schistosomicidal drugs for so far, no drug against Schistosoma japonicum infection has been found to give a 100% cure rate within a span of six months follow-up. From the point of view of disease transmission, a good quantitative procedure for egg counts is likewise deemed important.(Auth. Abs.)
Schistosoma Japonicum

Schistosoma japonicum egg quantification using the MIFC and various modifications of the technique was carried out. It was definitely shown that significantly more eggs could be recovered using three sediments per gram sample than when only one sediment is examinedFurther studies show that with the addition of tyloxapol to the MF stock solution and using the original MIFC procedure, more or less the same results as the modified MIFC technique using three sediments could be obtained. A concentration of 0.1% tyloxapol in the MF stock solution may be usedThe examination of three sediments or the addition of tyloxapol in the MF stock solution is, therefore, recommended when the original MIFC technique is used for ova quantification.(Auth. Sum.)
Schistosoma Japonicum

A total of 384 stool specimens found to be positive for schistosoma eggs using the Direct Fecal Smear were further examined quantitatively by the MIFC and the Kato-Katz techniques. MIFC has a higher efficiency rate (95.57%) as compared to Kato-Katz technique (73.43%). Kato-Katz yields a higher percentage of false negatives (26.56%). These found to be statistically significant. With regards to quantification, Kato-Katz has a higher mean egg difference (245.69%) but this was found to be statistically significant. Thus, MIFC technique is more reliable and efficient than Kato-Katz in the quantitative diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica. (Auth. Sum.)
Schistosoma Japonicum

A total of 10 adult patients suffering from early schistosomiasis japonica at the Bethany Hospital, Tacloban City with daily injections of Sodium Antimony Dimethylcysteine Tartrate (NaP) for 5 days at 400 mgs./day. Two had severe reactions consisting of nausea, vomiting and body weakness. Cardiac toxicity was observed in nine cases which developed reversible myocardial ischemic injury. A 100% cure rate from one to six months of stool follow-up after treatment was obtained. The exact value of this drug for mass treatment however, will depend on further evaluation of its toxicity and efficacy with a different dosage and/or schedule between injections.(Auth. Abs.)
Schistosoma Japonicum

In view of the inherent problems associated with the medical, sanitary and educational approach to the control of schistosomiasis, it is the consensus that the control of the small intermediate host offers a better and more effective means of reducing the transmission of the disease. Having achieved some degree of success in the ecological control of the snail host (Oncomelania quadrasi) in the Philippines as shown by the evaluation done in 1962 by Hairston, a WHO Consultant it has nevertheless been noted that due to the varied hopographic characteristics of small areas, complete eradication may not be attained in certain instances. For it was noted that snails had continued to thrive in small pockets after ecological control measures had been applied. Molluscicides at this stage, therefore, could be used to great advantage as a terminal measure. (Author)
Schistosoma Japonicum

Schistosoma Japonicum, Vaccination, Schistosoma Mansoni

No abstract available.
Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; Schistosoma japonicum* ; Schistosoma*