No abstract available.
Gastroenterology* ; Retirement*

OBJECTIVES: The incidence rate of pneumoconiosis among retired coal miners was studied at Taebackchungang hospital. METHODS: Newly developed pneumoconiosis0=1/0) cases were gathered from films of ex-coal miners who were diagnosed as normal at the previous examination after retirement. RESULTS: 228 exminers were confirmed as normal at the previous examination after retirement. 37 ex-miners were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis (equal or greater than 1/0) at the next examination. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate was 29.5/1000 person-year. The incidence was calculated by the examined year. In 1995, 1996, 1997, the incidence rates were 104. 8, 37. 1, 14.1 per 1000 person-year respectively. There was no development of pneumoconiosis among retired coal miners who retired more than 20 years ago or who worked less than 10 years.
Coal* ; Incidence* ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Retirement

BACKGROUND: Work Ability Index (WAI) is a well-known and valid self-report tool that has been widely used in various studies to identify and avoid early retirement and work-related disability. Nevertheless, very few studies have been carried out to evaluate work ability in Iran. We aimed to investigate the WAI and the effect of work-related stress on it among Iranian workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study was carried out among 449 workers from five working sectors in three big cities of Iran. Work ability and work-related stress were measured using the Persian version of WAI and the Persian version of Health and Safety Executive Stress Indicator Tool. RESULTS: More than a third of the workers surveyed (34.70%) did not have an appropriate level of work ability (WAI < 37). There was a significant correlation between subscales of work-related stress and the mean score of WAI. Furthermore, the variables of body mass index, sleep quality, exercise activity, job tenure, and three subscales of work-related stress including demands, supervisor support, and role were significant predictors of WAI. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the interventional programs must be focused on improving supervisors support, eliminating ambiguity and conflicts in the role of workers in their job and organization, reducing job demands, improving sleep quality, and increasing exercise activity.
Body Mass Index ; Iran ; Retirement

In this review article, the author tried to discuss how to become old in way of being respectable and dignified aged man in 'Neo-Elderly Model' in 21st century. Accordingly family principle of traditional Korean society, a senior of goodness, and filial duty thought as being Korean faith were explained. As one sees dishonor of leadership, a true picture of elderly and respectable aged person is needed. For problem areas, future plan for elderly welfare, support, and mandatory retirement age in Korea is suggested. As mean age of population is extended and elderly with specialty is growing, activity and life style of elderly need to be changed. Finally, for 'Neo-Elderly Model', harmony between old and young can be considered, and author suggested 10 life style for Neo-elderly.
Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Leadership ; Life Style ; Retirement

PURPOSE: To study the frequency and aspects of ptosis in Koreans aged 50 years or older. METHODS: In this study, 377 elderly people visiting retirement center were included. Margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and palpebral fissure (PF) were evaluated with an attempt to eliminate eyebrow elevation. Levator function (LF) was measured with Berke's method. If the measured MRD1 was less than 2 mm, ptosis was diagnosed and its frequency, relation to sex, age, levator function and superior deep sulcus were investigated. RESULTS: There was a correlation between decreasing MRD1, PF and LF with increasing age. Ptosis was observed in 207 subjects (54.9%), and its frequency was augmented as age increased. Although it was not statistically significant, the levator function of those with ptosis (10.0+/-1.9 mm) was lower than those without ptosis (11.3+/-1.9 mm). Questionnaires were administered and 196 respondents (51%) said that their eyelid droop had become more pronounced over time. Among these respondents, 33 (16.1%) indicated that their droopy eyelid causes discomfort by blocking their vision. Their MRD1 was 1.2+/-1.0 mm, which was significantly lower than that of the other 163 respondents (1.8+/-1.1 mm, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Koreans aged 50 years or older showed a very high frequency (54.9%) of ptosis and as age increased, the frequency of ptosis also increased. Surgical correction is recommended when the ptosis causes patient discomfort due to impaired vision.
Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Retirement

PURPOSE: To study the frequency and aspects of ptosis in Koreans aged 50 years or older. METHODS: In this study, 377 elderly people visiting retirement center were included. Margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and palpebral fissure (PF) were evaluated with an attempt to eliminate eyebrow elevation. Levator function (LF) was measured with Berke's method. If the measured MRD1 was less than 2 mm, ptosis was diagnosed and its frequency, relation to sex, age, levator function and superior deep sulcus were investigated. RESULTS: There was a correlation between decreasing MRD1, PF and LF with increasing age. Ptosis was observed in 207 subjects (54.9%), and its frequency was augmented as age increased. Although it was not statistically significant, the levator function of those with ptosis (10.0+/-1.9 mm) was lower than those without ptosis (11.3+/-1.9 mm). Questionnaires were administered and 196 respondents (51%) said that their eyelid droop had become more pronounced over time. Among these respondents, 33 (16.1%) indicated that their droopy eyelid causes discomfort by blocking their vision. Their MRD1 was 1.2+/-1.0 mm, which was significantly lower than that of the other 163 respondents (1.8+/-1.1 mm, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Koreans aged 50 years or older showed a very high frequency (54.9%) of ptosis and as age increased, the frequency of ptosis also increased. Surgical correction is recommended when the ptosis causes patient discomfort due to impaired vision.
Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Retirement

In order to promote foodservice for the elderly, foodservice managers in Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) must identify the main factors to enhance the satisfaction and behavioral intentions with food service. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between relationship quality (consisting of trust, commitment, and satisfaction) and communication in the formation of elderly's behavioral intentions with food services at CCRCs. A survey was administered to residents in two CCRCs and a total of 327 residents participated. A tested structural equation model exhibited good model fit and explanatory power of the study construct. Satisfaction directly influenced word-of-mouth and service quality has an influence on commitment. Commitment was a significant determinant of behavioral intentions to eat more often in the dining room. Also, communication showed positive association with trust. The results provided strong evidence for the importance of satisfaction and communication as a consequence of relationship marketing efforts. Suggestions for future research to better understand the elderly' behavioral intention judgments were given.
Aged ; Food Services ; Humans ; Intention ; Judgment ; Marketing ; Retirement

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate differences in unmet dental care needs according to employment status and if factors have relevance to unmet dental care needs due to "economic burden" and "no time to spare for visiting". METHODS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that affected the prevalence of unmet dental care needs due to "economic burden" and "no time to spare for visiting" in an economically active population comprised of subjects aged 20-64 years. RESULTS: Compared to regular workers, part-time workers experienced 1.28-times more unmet dental care needs, while students experienced 0.64-times fewer unmet dental care needs. With regard to reasons related to "economic burden", the rate of experiencing unmet dental care needs was 1.37-times higher for part-time workers than for regular workers. Regarding reasons related to "no time to spare for visiting", the rate of experiencing unmet dental care needs was 0.51-times lower in part-time workers compared with regular workers. In economically inactive people, these values were 0.51-times lower in the unemployed, 0.37-times lower in students, 0.23-times lower in house workers, 0.20-times lower in subjects with disease and injury, and 0.20-times lower in early retirees compared to regular workers. CONCLUSIONS: Part-time workers experienced more unmet dental care needs compared with regular workers. With regard to "economic burden", a significant difference in unmet dental care needs was observed between regular workers and part-time workers. Additionally, regarding "no time to spare for visiting", people who were economically inactive because of unemployment, student or house-worker status, diseases and injury, and retirement experienced fewer unmet dental care needs compared with regular workers.
Dental Care* ; Employment* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Prevalence ; Retirement ; Unemployment

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between retirement preparation and depressive symptoms among Koreans 50 years of age or older. We used data from the 2009 to 2013 Korean Retirement and Income Panel Study (KReIS), which included data from the 365 baseline participants of 50 years of age or older. Our sample included only newly retired participants who worked in 2009, but had retired in the 2011 and 2013. To monitor the change in depressive symptoms according to retirement preparation, we used repeated measurement data. We measured depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) 20-item scale. In addition, we measured retirement preparation using a single self-report question asking whether the participant was financially ready for retirement. We evaluated relationship between retirement preparation and depressive symptoms after multivariable adjustment. Compared to subjects who had prepared for retirement (reference group), participants who had not prepared for retirement had increased depression scores (β = 2.49, P < 0.001). In addition, individuals who had not prepared for retirement and who had low household income had the highest increase in depression scores (β = 4.43, P < 0.001). Individuals, who had not prepared for retirement and without a national pension showed a considerable increase in depression scores (β = 3.02, P < 0.001). It is suggested that guaranteed retirement preparation is especially important for mental health of retired elderly individuals with low economic strata.
Aged* ; Depression* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pensions ; Retirement*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine and analyze the awareness of dentists of the problems of elderly life, and to provide direction for a desirable retirement plan, according to individual awareness. METHODS: A stratified sampling method was used in proportion to the number of dental clinic and dental hospitals practicing in the Seoul metropolitan area, Incheon city, and Gyeonggi province. The data was verified by the Korea Dental Association's 2010 list of dentists, and for stratified random sampling, was stratified according to the number of regional dental clinics. Dentists from 855 dental clinics and dental hospitals were selected between May and Sept. 2010 for a self-administered survey questionnaire, by mail, fax or interview. 484 valid questionnaires (56.7%) were collected from respondents for data analysis. The study used SPSS (ver. 18.0) to analyze Chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-tests on the collected survey data. RESULTS: The responders pointed out that 'health related problems', 'financial problems', and 'isolation from society', were, in order, the main problems of the elderly stage of life. Dentists showed the highest response to their own suitable retirement age of '60- under 70'. The more that responders recognized his or her own good personal health status, the lower the subjective degree of anxiety for financing after retirement (P<0.001). Responders who had monthly net income of 'under 1,500 ten thousand won' showed the highest degree of anxiety, and those who had 'over 2,500 ten thousand won' showed the lowest degree of anxiety, which showed statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, 'health related problems' was the highest predicted problem for elderly dentists. Therefore, dentists should actively engage in a healthy living style to prepare for a healthy old age. Furthermore, early preparation and establishment of countermeasures to actively manage predictable problems in elderly living is needed.
Aged ; Anxiety ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dental Clinics ; Dentists ; Humans ; Korea ; Postal Service ; Retirement ; Statistics as Topic