OBJECTIVE: This study will evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of gynecologists towards hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms. METHODS: A descriptive study design was carried out across the different regions of the Philippines from April to October 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify current knowledge, attitude and practice of gynecologists regarding the use of hormonal replacement therapy. RESULTS: A total of 369 respondents were able to complete the questionnaire. Our findings indicate that the most common indication for giving MHT are vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, diaphoresis, vaginal dryness and its associated discomfort and pain during intercourse. Almost all Filipino gynecologists participating in this study are aware that MHT will improve vasomotor, urogenital symptoms, sexual dysfunction and mood. Majority of Filipino gynecologists who participated in this study agreed correctly that MHT will decrease the risk of osteoporosis and coronary artery disease. However, still majority of Filipino gynecologists do not routinely recommend/offer the use of MHT to every postmenopausal woman. On the other hand, at least half of the respondents falsely believe that MHT can decrease the risk for cognitive dysfunction, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular thrombosis. CONCLUSION The overall knowledge of Filipino gynecologist who participated in this study is lacking. Only 68% of them agreed that they have adequate knowledge about the treatment options for postmenopausal symptoms and as much as 32% of them are still not confident. Basic knowledge on menopausal symptoms and indications for hormonal therapy are known to the respondents but these knowledge does not translate to practice.
Postmenopause

In menopausal women, beta-estradiol decreased and there are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Objective: (1) Define someanthropologican- functional indexes and (2) relation of beta-estradiol with these indices of menopausal women living in Can Tho City. Subjects: 59 natural menopausal women and 59 women aged 25-39 years old (the control group). Method: cross-sectional surveys. Results: the menopausal women who had lower height and serum estradiol while higher 8MI, waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides in comparision with the control group (p<0.01-0.001); Beta-estradiol and the weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides of menopausal women have a linear relationship. Conclusion: in menopausal women, there are the change some morphological, functional indices and these indices have a linear relationship with beta-estradiol.
Postmenopause ; Women

Background: In postmenopause women, the amount of Estrogen is reduced; Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is also reduced, leading quickly to losing bones condition. Objectives: 1. To describe the decreased ratio in the bone mineral density and osteoporosis proportion in postmenopause women. 2. To research the risk factors related to the osteoporosis proportion. Subject and method: 1224 patients that visited the National Institute of Gerontology were surveyed, examined and the bone mineral density was measured using the double - energy X - ray absorbing method. Results: Decreased ratio in the bone mineral density and osteoporosis proportion according to age: 25.7% at the age of 50 to 59, 53.5% at the age of 60 - 69, 71.8% at the age of 70 - 79, and up to 95.9% at the age of over 80. The comparison between early and normal postmenopause groups shows that the first group have higher osteoporosis rate. 77.96% of people working inactively and rarely do exercises have osteoporosis, while this rate in people who have active work is 32.16%. People with low BMI score, given birth many times have high-risk of reducing the bone mineral density and osteoporosis proportion. Conclusion: The ratio of low bone mineral density and osteoporosis increases specifically with age. Regular exercise helps reduce osteoporosis proportion. The longer the period of postmenopause, the lower the BMI and the more times people give birth, the higher the osteoporosis proportion is.
Osteoporosis ; Risk factors ; Postmenopause

Study on 1006 women experienced natural menopause who were living in Tu Liem, Hanoi in the year 2004. Results: Average menopausal age of these women was 47.87± 3.4. There were some common symptoms such as vasomotor dysfunction (hot flush) 46.6%; 51.6% of menopausal women had sexual intercourse, with vaginal dryness and pain during sexual intercourse occurred in 61.7% of them; decrease in libido 95.8%, hysteroptosia 11.3%, especially prolapse of inferior vagina (4.4%).
Postmenopause ; Women ; Epidemiology

The cross-sectional desriptive study included 762 postmenopause women who lived in inner and suburb of Ha Noi city. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: 5 years or less of menopause, between 5 to 10 years of menopause and 10 years or more of menopause. All of them were overall examined. 206 women also were calcaneal ultrasound measured. The results showed that the rate of joint pain was 55.7%, increasing gradually with the years of menopause and more common in inner-city women. The rate of back pain was 68.2% and more common in suburb women.
Rheumatic Diseases ; ultrasonography ; Postmenopause ; diagnosis

Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause ; Malaysia ; Calcium ; Therapeutics

Postmenopause ; Osteoporosis ; Bone Density ; Diphosphonates

Objective: This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice of Filipino gynecologists towards hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among practicing Filipino gynecologists in different regions of the Philippines from April to October 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify the current knowledge, attitude and practice of gynecologists regarding the use of hormonal replacement therapy. Results: There were 369 respondents included in the study. Our findings indicate that the most common indication for MHT are vasomotor symptoms and vaginal dryness. Almost all Filipino gynecologists participating in this study were aware that MHT will improve vasomotor and urogenital symptoms, sexual dysfunction and mood. Majority of them correctly agreed that MHT will decrease the risk of osteoporosis and coronary artery disease. On the other hand, at least half of the respondents falsely believed that MHT can decrease the risk for cognitive dysfunction, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease and vascular thrombosis. Only 68% of the respondents agreed that they have adequate knowledge about the treatment options for postmenopausal symptoms and as much as 32% of them are still not confident with their knowledge. Majority (65%) of Filipino gynecologists do not routinely recommend or offer the use of MHT to every postmenopausal woman. Conclusion The knowledge and attitude of gynecologists on hormonal therapy play an important role in the decision making of a woman during her climacteric period. Basic knowledge on menopausal symptoms and indications for hormonal therapy are known to the respondents but these knowledge do not translate to practice.
Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Menopause ; Postmenopause

Background: Post-menopausal women experiences changes in estrogen levels affecting body metabolism, which may lead to weight gain and obesity. Moreover, one of the most prevalent diseases among this group is osteoporosis. However, the relationship between fat mass and its protective property remains unclear. This study assesses the correlation of fat mass with bone mineral density (BM) and 10-year FRAX based fracture probability among Filipino women. Methods: A cross-sectional review of records of post-menopausal Filipino women who underwent whole body bone mineral densitometry scans via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018 in the Radioisotope Laboratory of the Philippine General Hospital was done. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression analyses were done to determine the correlation between the two outcomes – BMD and 10-year FRAX based fracture probability. Results: A total of 258 postmenopausal women were included in the analysis. There was a weak positive correlation of fat mass with BMD of L1-L4 vertebrae (R-score of 0.318), BMD of femoral neck (R-score of 0.3937) and hips (R - score of 0.3031). The 10-year FRAX based fracture probability for both hip and osteoporotic had very weak and weak negative correlation, respectively (R-score of - 0.06752 and - 0.29017). Conclusion Despite having varying available, data on the protective effects of fat mass on fracture protection, this study showed that fat mass has a poor correlation with BMD and reduction in FRAX probability.
Postmenopause ; Bone Density ; Fractures, Bone

OBJECTIVES: Midlife women's knowledge, positive attitudes and management toward menopause may improve the quality of peri and post-menopause life. This study was to identify correlations of the knowledge, attitude, symptoms and management toward menopause in middle-aged women. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional questionnaire study applying to 231 perimenopausal and menopausal women aged from 40 to 59 years old. The completed data of 189 perimenopausal and menopausal women were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA and pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS statistical programme. RESULTS: The menopausal women showed significantly higher physical symptoms than perimenopausal women. The menopausal women showed significantly higher psychosomatic symptom than perimenopausal women. There was a significant correlation between the menopausal attitude and management. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the fundamental data of developing midlife women's symptom index (MSI) and providing menopause management could be a strategy to encourage successful menopausal transition in middle-aged women.
Female ; Humans ; Menopause* ; Postmenopause ; Surveys and Questionnaires