The diversity of the genus Megacollybia in Korea was examined based on morphological observation and analysis of molecular data. Currently, the genus is consisted of nine species with a global distribution. However, only M. platyphylla has been reported in the floral survey of Korea. During our re-evaluation of the taxonomic diversity of Megacollybia in Korea, six Megacollybia specimens collected in 2012 were identified based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and morphology. Here, we report two Megacollybia species, M. clitocyboidea and M. marginata, as newly recorded species from Korea. The microscopic features of the two species are provided in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first phylogenetic analysis of Korean Megacollybia species.
Korea ; Phylogeny

A coelomycete with characters resembling the asexual morphs in the family Botryosphaeriaceae was isolated from a fallen leaf of an orchid collected in Thailand. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses placed the strain in Neoscytalidium. Phylogenetic relationships among Neoscytalidium species were inferred by analyzing internal transcribed spacers and large subunit of rRNA sequence data and indicate that our strain is a new species, which is introduced and illustrated herein as Neoscytalidium orchidacearum sp. nov.
Humans ; Phylogeny* ; Thailand

To develop more active LTR retrotransposons in Phyllostachys edulis, a Ph. edulis LTR retrotransposon (Ph-LTR2) was identified, and the expression pattern of the transposon under stress was systematically analyzed. Ph-LTR2 transposon is 6 030 bp in length and belongs to the Reina subfamily in the Ty3-Gypsy family. With the similarity of 96.41% of both LTR sequences, the Ph-LTR2 transposon inserted the moso bamboo genome about 61.92 thousand years ago. There are 5 copies identified in the genome. The Ph-LTR2 transposon domain includes GAG (gag protein) protein domain, PR (Proteases) protein domain, RT (Reverse transcriptase) protein domain, RH (Ribonuclease H) protein domain, INT (Integrase) protein domain and CHR (Chromatin organization modifier) protein domain. The expression patterns of INT, RT and RH were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The three domains were found to have specific expression patterns at different tissues of the bamboo. Under the conditions of low/high temperature, methylation inhibitors treatments, irradiation and high salt stress, transcription levels of the three domains of the Ph-LTR2 transposon increased with different degrees. Specifically, after treatment with low/high temperature and methylation inhibitors, the transcription level was up-regulated; after low dose radiation treatment and low concentration of salt solution treatment, the transcription level was also increased, but the expression level decreased with increasing dose of radiation and concentration of salt solution. These results indicate that the expression pattern of the Ph-LTR2 transposon responds to the changes of the external environment, but the exact mechanism is not yet known. The results of this study laid a certain theoretical foundation for the development of the genetic tool based on Ph-LTR2 transposons.
Genome ; Phylogeny ; Poaceae ; Retroelements

Several buellioid specimens were collected from South Korea during field surveys and two new species are described based on morphology, chemistry, and molecular phylogeny. Buellia boseongensis sp. nov. is similar to B. polyspora but differs in having a UV + orange thallus and cryptolecanorine apothecia. Sculptolumina coreana sp. nov., resembles S. japonica, but differs in having a smooth entire continuous thallus, which reacts K–, a narrower excipulum, thicker epihymenium, narrower subhymenium, and in containing secondary metabolites other than flavo-obscurin and myeloconone. A key to the buellioid lichens reported from Korea is also presented.
Chemistry ; Korea ; Lichens ; Phylogeny

China/epidemiology* ; Genotype ; Phylogeny

Leaf blight outbroke in Rehmannia glutinosa plantation in Wenxian county, Henan province in 2019. R. glutinosa plants with diseased leaves were collected from the plantation, and three strains were isolated from the diseased leaf samples. Pathogenicity test, morphological observation, and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, EF1-α, and Tub suggested that they were respectively Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F.acuminatum. Among them, F. acuminatum, as a pathogen of R. glutinosa leaf disease, had never been reported. To clarify the biological characteristics of F. acuminatum, this study tested the influence of light, pH, temperature, medium, carbon source, and nitrogen source on the mycelial growth rate of the pathogen during a 5-day culture period, and explored the lethal temperature. The results showed that the mycelia grew well under the photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness, at 5-40 ℃(optimal temperature: 25 ℃), at pH 4-11(optimal pH: 7.0), on a variety of media(optimal medium: oatmeal agar), and in the presence of diverse carbon and nitrogen sources(optimal carbon source: soluble starch; optimal nitrogen source: sodium nitrate). The lethal temperature was verified to be 51 ℃(10 min). The conclusion is expected to lay a scientific basis for diagnosis and control of R. glutinosa leaf diseases caused by F. acuminatum.
Carbon ; Nitrogen ; Phylogeny ; Rehmannia

Numerical taxonomic studies were carried out in order to elucidate the taxonomic relationship among 17 species belonging to Paris. Eighteen characters including 10 morphological, 4 pollen morphological, 2 cytotalonomical and 2 habitat characters were used for the analysis. On basis of UPGMA clustering analysis, two subgenus and seven groups were recognized. The classification of the two subgenus was different from the opinion of subgenus Daiswa and subgenus Paris by Li Heng. The classification of sect. Dunnianae, sect. Axiparis and sect. Paris was correspondence with the classification of Li Heng. But sect. Fargesianae, sect. Marmoratae and sect. Thibeticae which were established based on the especially characters by Li Heng were put into cluster 2, cluster 3 and cluster 4.
Magnoliopsida ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; Phylogeny

The genus Candelaria is characterized by a micro-foliose to micro-fruticose thallus and contains eight species, two of which were reported in South Korea. During the excursion of a Korean lichen flora investigation, some suspected Candelaria concolor specimens were collected, and their morphological, chemical, molecular phylogenetic, and geographic analyses were conducted. The samples eventually proved to be a new species, Candelaria asiatica, which can be recognized by a small, yellow lobate thallus with a pulverulent surface, and a fragile lobe margin with blastidia or phyllidia-like lobules.
Asia ; Classification ; Korea* ; Lichens ; Phylogeny

The molecular phylogeny in nine different commercial cultivated strains of Pleurotus nebrodensis was studied based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and RAPD. In the sequence of ITS region of selected strains, it was revealed that the total length ranged from 592 to 614 bp. The size of ITS1 and ITS2 regions varied among the strains from 219 to 228 bp and 211 to 229 bp, respectively. The sequence of ITS2 was more variable than ITS1 and the region of 5.8S sequences were identical. Phylogenetic tree of the ITS region sequences indicated that selected strains were classified into five clusters. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences ranged from 99 to 100%. The strains were also analyzed by RAPD with 20 arbitrary primers. Twelve primers were efficient to applying amplification of the genomic DNA. The sizes of the polymorphic fragments obtained were in the range of 200 to 2000 bp. RAPD and ITS analysis techniques were able to detect genetic variation among the tested strains. Experimental results suggested that IUM-1381, IUM-3914, IUM-1495 and AY-581431 strains were genetically very similar. Therefore, all IUM and NCBI gene bank strains of P. nebrodensis were genetically same with some variations.
DNA ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Pleurotus

Biodegradation of polyurethane (PUR) pollutants by microorganisms has received widespread attention currently. Identification of microorganisms capable of efficiently degrading PUR plastics is a key point. In this study, a strain P10 capable of degrading PUR was isolated from the plastic wastes, and identified as a bacterium belonging to the genus of Brevibacillus based on colony morphology and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. Brevibacillus sp. P10 was capable of degrading 71.4% of waterborne polyurethane (Impranil DLN) after 6 days growth in MSM medium with DLN as a sole carbon source. In addition, strain P10 can use commercial PUR foam as the sole carbon source for growth. Brevibacillus sp. P10 can degrade 50 mg PUR foam after 6 days growth in MSM medium supplemented with 5% (V/V) LB after optimization of degradation conditions. This indicates that Brevibacillus sp. P10 has potential to be used in biodegradation of PUR waste.
Bacteria ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Phylogeny ; Polyurethanes