Adult ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin ; blood ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidic Acids ; immunology ; Phosphatidylcholines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylinositols ; immunology ; Phosphatidylserines ; immunology ; Reference Values

A lipidomic study on extensive plasma lipids in bacterial peritonitis (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP)-induced sepsis in mice was done at 24 h post-CLP. The effects of administration of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), compounds known to have beneficial effects in CLP, on the sepsis-induced plasma lipid changes were also examined. Among the 147 plasma lipid species from 13 lipid subgroups (fatty acid [FA], LPA, LPC, lysophosphatidylethanolamine [LPE], phosphatidic acid [PA], phosphatidylcholine [PC], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE], phosphatidylinositol [PI], monoacylglyceride [MG], diacylglyceride [DG], triacylglyceride [TG], sphingomyelin [SM], and ceramide [Cer]) analyzed in this study, 40 and 70 species were increased, and decreased, respectively, in the CLP mice. Treatments with LPC and LPA affected 14 species from 7 subgroups, and 25 species from 9 subgroups, respectively. These results could contribute to finding the much needed reliable biomarkers of sepsis.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Ligation ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; Mice* ; Peritonitis ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Plasma* ; Punctures ; Sepsis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chronic sinusitis on components of the phospholipid of nasopharyngeal surfactant, and to study biochemical component of phospholipid of surface active substance. METHOD: The concentrations of surfactant in nasopharyngeal irrigating fluid were implemented in normal controls and patients with chronic sinusitis. Components of phospholipid such as Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingophospholipid were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatograph. RESULT: Results showed as follows (1) There was surfactant in nasopharynx. 4 compositions of phospholipid could be measured. (2) Compared with controls, Phosphatidylserine signficantly decreased in patients with chronic sinusitis (P < 0.05). (3) Only Phosphatidylserine signficantly decreased between sinusitis III stages and controls (P < 0.05). The rests had no signficant difference between chronic sinusitis' stages and controls, and among stages. But as the chronic sinusitis' stages proceeded, proportion of Phosphatidylserine may decreased. CONCLUSION (1) There is surfactant in nasopharynx, nasopharyngeal surfactant is made of Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingophospholipid. The proportion of Phosphatidylcholine shows most, and determines biochemical effect of nasopharyngeal surfactant. (2) chronic sinusitis may cause decrease of some components of nasopharyngeal surfactant. (3) As the chronic sinusitis' stages proceed, the proportion of some phospholipids progressively decrease. Which, above assessed, may cause the change of surfactant in eustachian tube, and cause dysfunction of middle ear and eustachian tube.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Lavage ; Nasopharynx ; chemistry ; Phosphatidylcholines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylserines ; analysis ; Phospholipids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Sinusitis ; physiopathology ; Surface-Active Agents ; analysis ; chemistry ; Young Adult

A simple and inexpensive method of isolating surfactant was devised. The in vivo function of surfactant isolated from saline alveolar washes of adult sheep lungs by foam formation using nitrogen gas was evaluated. The foam was organic solvent extracted with chloroform:methanol:saline (2:1:1 v/v) either once or twice. Part of each lipid extract surfactant (LES) was autoclaved. The total phosphorus (TP) and saturated phosphatidylcholine (sat PC) measurements were used to quantify these phospholipids in the LES. The mean sat PC:TP ratio was 0.54 and there were no changes with sterilization. to evaluate in vivo function, surfactant deficient preterm rabbits were treated intratracheally with either 100 mg/kg of the isolated sheep surfactant extracted twice with chloroform:methanol (LES-2), surfactant extracted only once (LES- 1), 4 ml/kg Survanta (S), or air (control, Cx). The rabbits were then ventilated with dital volumes of 8 ml/kg and 3 cm H20 positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP). Ventilation pressures (peak inspiratory pressure-PIP in cm H20, mean +/- SE) of animals treated with LES-2 (14.4 +/- 0.7) were lower (p 0.01) than Cx (22.8 + 0.5) and LES-1 (19.5 + 0.6), and not different from S (14.6 +/- 1.1). Dynamic compliances (ml/cmH20/kg) in animals treated with LES-2 (0.6 +/- 0.0) were higher (p 0.01) than Cx (0.4 +/- 0.0) and LES-1 (0.4 +/- 0.0), and not different from S (0.6 +/- 0.1). The initial inflation pressure from pressure-volume curve measurements was lowest for LES-2 treated animals (p0.01 at 20cm H20). Survanta and LES-2 treated animals retained more volume on deflation than Cx and LES-1 animals (p 0.01 at 0 cm H20). The ventilation and pressure-volume curve measurements for the autoclaved LES and non-autoclaved LES were similar. Based on the invivo performance of the LES, recommendations are made for improvements of the isolation procedure. (Author)

BACKGROUND: Phospholipase D (PLD) is a widely distributed enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine, a major phospholipids in the cell membrane, to form phosphatidic acid (PA) which acts by itself as a cellular messenger. PLD can also be transformed by PA phosphohydrolase into diacylglycerol (DAG), which is essential for the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PLD has been shown to induce the proliferation of T cells and to activate by Der p 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic dermatitis. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has recently served as a key marker to discover the genetic mechanism of special chronic diseases. METHODS: One hundred eighteen children with atopic dermatitis were recruited, and graded as 23 mild (<25), 48 moderate (25-50) and 47 severe (>50) by measuring SCORAD index. Genomic DNA were purified from blood and made into PCR primers attaching GC-Clamp, and 26 exons of PLD were amplified by PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). RESULTS: Polymorphism was found in four subjects. Of them, three PLD1 cSNP (Exon23: G2658A, T2664A, G2684A) were detected in exon 23 of 26 exons of PLD1. Four cases among 118 subjects had cSNP of G2658A (3.4%), two T2664A cases (1.7%), one G2684A case (0.8%). There were no significant correlations between IgE and detected cSNP. CONCLUSION: Three PLD1 gene cSNPs (G2658A, T2664A, G2684A) were detected in the blood of children with atopic dermatitis. Among them, G2658A polymorphism seems to be correlated to the serum IgE level, but PLD1 cSNP does not appear to contribute to the pathogenic processing of atopic dermatitis.
Cell Membrane ; Child* ; Chronic Disease ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; DNA ; Exons ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipase D ; Phospholipases* ; Phospholipids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Kinase C ; T-Lymphocytes

Phospholipids are key components of cellular membrane and signaling. Among cellular phospholipids, phosphoinositides, phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol are important as a participant in essential metabolic processes in animals. However, due to its low abundance in cells and tissues, it is difficult to identify the composition of phosphoinositides. Recent advances in mass spectrometric techniques, combined with established separation methods, have allowed the rapid and sensitive detection and quantification of a variety of lipid species including phosphoinositides. In this mini review, we briefly introduce progress in profiling of cellular phosphoinositides using mass spectrometry. We also summarize current progress of matrices development for the analysis of cellular phospholipids using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The phosphoinositides profiling and phospholipids imaging will help us to understand how they function in a biological system and will provide a powerful tool for elucidating the mechanism of diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The investigation of cellular phospholipids including phosphoinositides using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry will suggest new insights on human diseases, and on clinical application through drug development of lipid related diseases.
Animals ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Barbiturates* ; Brain* ; Membranes* ; Phospholipids*

Barbiturates* ; Brain* ; Cholesterol* ; Membranes* ; Phospholipids*

This study is designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Essential Phospholipid (EPL) in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis among Filipinos. 13/20 acute hepatitis had markedly elevated hepatic enzymes and eight marked cholestasis, four of which had (+) hepatic serology. 18/20 showed marked improvement of enzymes and icteresia. Cholestasis improved by 80% in one, 50% in five, 40-45% in seven by the first week and normal in two-ten by the second and third week respectively. The study showed the efficacy of EPL in the management of liver diseases. (Auth)
Phospholipids, Hepatitis, Liver Diseases, Cirrhosis

BP201, porcine lung tissue-derived phospholipids, consists of phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid species. BP201 promoted hair growth after application onto the shaved backs of BALB/c and C3H mice. Its effect was enhanced when applied together with minoxidil (MNX) in C3H mice. When the tissue specimens prepared from the shaved skins of BP201-treated and control mice were microscopically examined, the total numbers of hair follicles in both anagen and telogen phases of BP201-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. The numbers of hair follicles in the anagen phase of BP201-treated mice were also higher than those of control mice. In combination with MNX, BP201 further increased the total number of hair follicles, but did not alter the percentage of hair follicles in the anagenic phase. BP201 also increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Collectively, BP201 possesses hair growth promoting potential, which would suggest its use singly or in combination for hair growth products.
Animals ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Minoxidil ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipids* ; Skin