1.Mutagenicity and clastogenicity of some Philippine medicinal plants.
GESLANI GP ; REYES AG ; LIM-SYLIANCO CY
Acta Medica Philippina 0000;():0-
The mutagenic potential of some medicinal plants for fertility control was determined using four different tests. The plants studied were makahiya, ampalaya, malunggay and kamias. Results of the Rec assay showed that the plants studied did not possess direct DNA-damaging capacity. This was confirmed by the Ames test which indicated that these plants were not mutagenic per se. Mutagenic activity following metabolism in a host animal and chromosome-breaking effects were likewise not observed. (Auth)
Plants, Medicinal, Mutagenicity Tests, Mutagens
3.Repair gene for DNA damage relating to benzene poisoning.
Zhong-bin ZHANG ; Zhao-lin XIA
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2004;22(3):224-226
Benzene
;
poisoning
;
DNA Damage
;
DNA Repair
;
genetics
;
Deoxyguanosine
;
analogs & derivatives
;
genetics
;
Humans
;
Mutagens
;
poisoning
;
Poisoning
;
genetics
4.A Case of Desanctis-Cacchione Syndrome.
Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society 2002;10(2):383-387
Xeroderma pigmentosum is autosomal recessive, degenerative disease generated by abnormal repair of DNA damaged by ultraviolet radiation and environmental mutagens. DeSanctis-Cacchione syndrome is the most severe form of xeroderma pigmentosum variant. This syndrome is characterized with microcephaly, progressive mental retardation and deterioration, retarded growth and sexual development, sensorineural deafness, and cerebellar ataxia, choreoathetsis, quadriparesis. We describe the case of a 17 year old female patient, which fits into Desanctis-Cacchione syndrome clinically.
Adolescent
;
Cerebellar Ataxia
;
Deafness
;
DNA
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Intellectual Disability
;
Microcephaly
;
Mutagens
;
Quadriplegia
;
Sexual Development
;
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
5.Chromosome Breakage Test for the Diagnosis of Fanconi's Anemia.
Dong Wook RYANG ; Deok CHO ; Won Pyo HONG ; Hoon KOOK ; Tai Ju HWANG
Korean Journal of Clinical Pathology 1998;18(1):101-106
BACKGROUND: Fanconi's anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by aplastic anemia, pre-malignancy, congenital malformations and chromosome breakage syndromes. As up to 30% of patients have no detectable congenital anomalies, the modern diagnosis of FA rests on chromosomal breakage of patient's cells induced by chemical clastogens such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin-C (MMC). METHODS: We have done chromosome breakage test to differentiate FA from 11 aplastic anemia, three Diamond-Blackfan syndrome, three myelodysplastic syndrome, one acute leukemia with congenital anomaly and three siblings of FA. The peripheral blood lymphocytes from each individual were co-cultured in phytohemagglutinin-containing medium by the three methods, i.e., DEB treated, MMC treated and un-treated. RESULTS: Five cases were found to have increased chromosomal breakages to DEB and MMC, confirming diagnosis of FA. Other 21 cases showed no increased chromosomal breakages. No overlap was found between FA group and others (P<0.01). In one FA, there was no increased spontaneous breakage, but increased breakage to DEB and MMC. Of five FA, one case showed no congenital anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: Chromosme breakage test was shown to be simple, reliable and useful in ascertaining the diagnosis of FA.
Anemia, Aplastic
;
Chromosome Breakage*
;
Diagnosis*
;
Fanconi Anemia*
;
Humans
;
Leukemia
;
Lymphocytes
;
Mitomycin
;
Mutagens
;
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
;
Siblings
6.Chromosomal aberrations among Filipino health workers at the chemotherapy oncology wards/clinics of a tertiary government hospital.
Ngelangel Corazon A ; Villanueva-Timbol Karen ; Fuerte Fatima dG ; Tiangco Beatrice J ; Tanael Susano B ; Enriquez Ma. Luisa D
Acta Medica Philippina 2014;48(4):11-16
INTRODUCTION: Chromosomal mutations are casual events in neoplasia development. Biomarker cytogenetic assays can determine exposure to mutagenic agents in occupational settings. This study assessed early biological marker chromosomal aberrations among health workers in the chemotheraphy oncology wards/ clinics, exploring its association to the subjects' occupational, environmental and baseline profile.
METHODS: This was an IRB approved cross-sectional exploratory study among hospital personnel working in the chemotherapy oncology facility of a tertiary government hospital, who underwent structured interview and blood extraction for cytogenetic assay after informed consent. Study funds only permitted assay of 44 specimens of 144 planned sample size, hence, Stata 6.0 only analyzed data from 44 subjects.
RESULTS: All 44 subjects had varying exposure to chemotherapy drug infusions. Of these, 79% had 1.0 breaks per cell (hypersensitive). Predominantly chromatid breaks (CTB), chromatid gaps (CTG), sister chromatid exhanges (SCE) were seen. No significant association was shown between mutagenic sensitivity and baseline characteristics, but with small sample size.
CONCLUSION: 21% borderline to hypersensitive mutagenic sensitivity among oncology workers at the tertiary government hospital is relatively significant, despite small sample size, connoting a must preventive promotive practice of chemotherapy administration in the workplace.
Human ; Male ; Female ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes ; Drug Therapy ; Personnel, Hospital ; Cytogenetics ; Chromatids ; Mutagens
7.Effects of Smoking and Age on SCE Frequency Reflecting DNA Damage of Human Lymphocytes in Elderly Koreans.
The Korean Journal of Nutrition 2003;36(8):851-858
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) has recently become a common cytogenic assay system for detecting exposure to chemical mutagens and carcinogens. One application of SCE is the monitoring of populations believed to have been exposed to such agents. A cross-sectional study of SCE frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 45 Koreans aged 61 to 84 years was conducted. The effect of cigarette smoking and age on SCE was assessed by different degrees of smoking status such as smokers (n = 14), ex-smokers (n = 16) and non-smokers (n = 15). Mean spontaneous SCE per cell for the smokers (11.5 +/- 1.1) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that for the non-smokers (8.8 +/- 0.3). However, mean SCE frequencies per cell for the ex-smokers (10.3 +/- 0.6) were not significantly different from those of the smokers or the non-smokers. The smokers showed an increased number of high SCE frequency cells (HFCs) when compared to the ex-smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.05). The mean SCE frequencies of the non-smokers showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) with the subject's age. These results show that age and smoking habits contribute a great deal in setting a higher degree of basal DNA damage in elderly Koreans, and smoking appeared to be a more significant damaging factor than age.
Aged*
;
Carcinogens
;
Cross-Sectional Studies
;
DNA Damage*
;
DNA*
;
Humans*
;
Lymphocytes*
;
Mutagens
;
Sister Chromatid Exchange
;
Smoke*
;
Smoking*
8.Genome Shuffling of Mangrove Endophytic Aspergillus luchuensis MERV10 for Improving the Cholesterol-Lowering Agent Lovastatin under Solid State Fermentation.
Mervat Morsy Abbas Ahmed EL-GENDY ; Hind A A AL-ZAHRANI ; Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed EL-BONDKLY
Mycobiology 2016;44(3):171-179
In the screening of marine mangrove derived fungi for lovastatin productivity, endophytic Aspergillus luchuensis MERV10 exhibited the highest lovastatin productivity (9.5 mg/gds) in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice bran. Aspergillus luchuensis MERV10 was used as the parental strain in which to induce genetic variabilities after application of different mixtures as well as doses of mutagens followed by three successive rounds of genome shuffling. Four potent mutants, UN6, UN28, NE11, and NE23, with lovastatin productivity equal to 2.0-, 2.11-, 1.95-, and 2.11-fold higher than the parental strain, respectively, were applied for three rounds of genome shuffling as the initial mutants. Four hereditarily stable recombinants (F3/3, F3/7, F3/9, and F3/13) were obtained with lovastatin productivity equal to 50.8, 57.0, 49.7, and 51.0 mg/gds, respectively. Recombinant strain F3/7 yielded 57.0 mg/gds of lovastatin, which is 6-fold and 2.85-fold higher, respectively, than the initial parental strain and the highest mutants UN28 and NE23. It was therefore selected for the optimization of lovastatin production through improvement of SSF parameters. Lovastatin productivity was increased 32-fold through strain improvement methods, including mutations and three successive rounds of genome shuffling followed by optimizing SSF factors.
Aspergillus*
;
Efficiency
;
Fermentation*
;
Fungi
;
Genome*
;
Humans
;
Lovastatin*
;
Mass Screening
;
Mutagens
;
Parents
9.Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate against sperm abnormality in mice.
Liu-Cai SUI ; Yi-Feng GE ; Juan-Juan XU ; Rong-Hua WU ; Hai-Yan FU ; Bing YAO
National Journal of Andrology 2014;20(12):1068-1072
OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on mouse sperm in vivo.
METHODSA total of 64 six-week-old male Kuming mice were randomly divided into eight groups of equal number to be treated with normal saline (negative control), Cyclophosphamide (CP) at 30 mg/kg (positive control), and CP followed by EGCG (experimental) at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, given every other day for 10 days. At 4 and 5 weeks after treatment, the bilateral testes of the mice were harvested for examination of sperm abnormality.
RESULTSEGCG did not increase the rate of CP-induced sperm abnormality in the mice, but reduced it instead with the prolonged time of treatment.
CONCLUSIONEGCG protects mouse sperm in vivo.
Animals ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cyclophosphamide ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Random Allocation ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Time Factors