Diabetic Foot ; Humans ; Melanoma/epidemiology* ; Singapore/epidemiology*

China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Melanoma/therapy* ; Quality Control ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy*

Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy

The authors reviewed 250 cases of tumors in the eye and its adnexa diagnosed histopathologirally at the Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital during the last 10 years (Jan. 1976 - Dec. 1985). The results were summarized as follows: 1. The sex distribution revealed 130 males (52%) and 120 females (48%). 2. The tumors of the eye and its adnexa involved the lid 73 cases (29.2%), epibulbar tissue 72 cases (28.8%), the orbit 56 cases (22.4%), and intraocula. tissue 49 cases (19.6%) in decreasing order. 3. There were 159 cases (63.6%) of benign tumors and 91 cases (36.4%) of malignant tumors. 4. The most frequent malignant tumor of the eye and its adnexa was retinoblastoma, and the most frequent benign tumor was nevus. 5. Of the intraocular malignant tumors, the incidence of retinoblastoma was impressively higher than that of malignant melanoma in Koreans. 6. Of the primary malignant lid tumors, the relative incidence of squamous cellcarcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma to basal cell carcinoma in Koreanswas high in comparison with that of Caucasians.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell/*epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Eye Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; Eyelid Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Melanoma/*epidemiology ; Nevus/*epidemiology ; Orbital Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; Retinoblastoma/*epidemiology

INTRODUCTION: Melanomas in Asians have different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis from melanomas in Caucasians. This study reviewed the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at a tertiary referral dermatology centre in Singapore, which has a multiracial population. The study also determined whether Asians had comparable relapse-free and overall survival periods to Caucasians in Singapore. METHOD: This is a retrospective review of cutaneous melanoma cases in our centre between 1996 and 2015. RESULTS: Sixty-two cases of melanoma were diagnosed in 61 patients: 72.6% occurred in Chinese, 19.4% in Caucasians and 3.2% in Indians, with an over-representation of Caucasians. Superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma and nodular melanoma comprised 37.1%, 35.5% and 22.6% of the cases, respectively. The median time interval to diagnosis was longer in Asians than Caucasians; median Breslow's thickness in Asians were significantly thicker than in Caucasians (2.6mm versus 0.9mm, CONCLUSION More physician and patient education on skin cancer awareness is needed in our Asian-predominant population for better outcomes.
Humans ; Melanoma/therapy* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: Primary mucosal melanoma of nasal and oral cavity is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. This study aims to summarize the clinical features and survival status and then to evaluate the prognostic factors. METHOD: Clinical data of 66 patients with mucosal melanoma in nasal and oral cavity treated from Jan. 1980 to Jan. 2005, were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received the surgery. The following parameters: gender, age, primary location, tumor size, presence of ulcer, presence of pigment aggravation, lymph node metastasis, treatment mode and initially treatment outcome were investigated to evaluate their potential impact on survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULT: The primary locations were nasal cavity (34 cases), oral cavity (23 cases) and paranasal sinuses (9 cases). All patients received surgery. Thirty-seven patients received post-operative adjuvant treatments. Of which, 12 received adjuvant chemotherapy. 8 received adjuvant immunotherapy, 5 received adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy, 8 received adjuvant radiotherapy and 4 received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Local recurrence, lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis appeared in 15 patients at 6 months after the primary treatment. The distant metastasis rate was 15.2% (10/66). The average survival time was 77.9 months, the median survival time was 33.7 months. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 41.4% and 31.1% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, lymph node metastasis and initially treatment outcome were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION The prognosis of mucosal melanoma in nasal and oral cavity is poor. Tumor size, lymph node metastasis, initially treatment outcome are independent prognostic factors for overall survival. The effect of post-operative adjuvant treatments is not clear, and further studies are needed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDOur previous studies revealed cyclicity in the incidence rate of skin malignant melanoma (SMM; ICD9, Dx:172) in the Czech Republic (period T=7.50-7.63 years), UK (T=11.00 years) and Bulgaria (T=12.20 years). Incidences compared with the sunspot index Rz (lag-period dT=+2, +4, +6, +10 or +12 years) have indicated that maximal rates are most likely to appear on descending slopes of the 11-year solar cycle, i.e., out of phase. We summarized and explored more deeply these cyclic variations and discussed their possible associations with heliogeophysical activity (HGA) components exhibiting similar cyclicity.

METHODSAnnual incidences of SMM from 5 countries (Czech Republic, UK, Bulgaria, USA and Canada) over various time spans during the years 1964-1992 were analyzed and their correlations with cyclic Rz (sunspot number) and aa (planetary geomagnetic activity) indices were summarized. Periodogram regression analysis with trigonometric approximation and phase-correlation analysis were applied.

RESULTSPrevious findings on SMM for the Czech Republic, UK and Bulgaria have been validated, and cyclic patterns have been revealed for USA (T=8.63 years, P<0.05) and Canada (Ontario, T=9.91 years, P<0.10). Also, various 'hypercycles' were established (T=45.5, 42.0, 48.25, 34.5 and 26.5 years, respectively) describing long-term cyclic incidence patterns. The association of SMM for USA and Canada with Rz (dT=+6 and +7 years, respectively) and aa (dT=-10 and +9 years, respectively) was described. Possible interactions of cyclic non-photic influences (UV irradiation, Schumann resonance signal, low-frequency geomagnetic fluctuations) with brain waves absorbance, neuronal calcium dynamics, neuro-endocrine axis modulation, melatonin/serotonin disbalance and skin neuro-immunity impairment as likely causal pathways in melanoma appearance, were also discussed.

CONCLUSIONThe above findings on cyclicity and temporal association of SMM with cyclic environmental factors could not only allow for better forecasting models but also lead to a better understanding of melanoma aetiology.

Cosmic Radiation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Periodicity ; Regression Analysis ; Skin Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Solar Activity

BACKGROUND: Based on trends demonstrated in the United States, a very insignificant number of people have shown a predisposition to left-sided skin cancer. However, to date, no systematic review or meta-analysis has demonstrated the predominance of left-sided skin cancers over right-sided skin malignancies. OBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed all data pertaining to locations of skin cancers. METHODS: All data were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method (random-effects weighting); an inverse variance model featuring fixed-effects weighting was applied to explore the robustness of modeling. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. Dichotomous outcomes with respect to the prevalence of left- and right-sided skin cancers are presented as relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Nine studies were included in our evaluation. Our study sample included: 182,840 patients with malignant melanoma (MM), 1,419 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 331 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Meta-analyses of pooled observational data revealed greater prevalence of left-sided MM compared to right-sided MM (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89~0.92, p<0.01), while left-sided SCC was more prevalent than right-sided SCC (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71~0.97, p=0.02). However, right-sided BCC was more prevalent than left-sided BCC (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.95~1.19, p=0.26). CONCLUSION: Observational studies vary greatly in terms of design, methodological quality, and types of patients studied. Of note, only a few studies analyzing BCC and SCC were included in our present meta-analysis. Additionally, a selection and reporting bias could have affected our results. Our meta-analysis suggests that both MM and SCC demonstrate a left-side bias, but BCC does not.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Methods ; Population Characteristics ; Prevalence* ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin* ; United States

BACKGROUND: Based on trends demonstrated in the United States, a very insignificant number of people have shown a predisposition to left-sided skin cancer. However, to date, no systematic review or meta-analysis has demonstrated the predominance of left-sided skin cancers over right-sided skin malignancies. OBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed all data pertaining to locations of skin cancers. METHODS: All data were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method (random-effects weighting); an inverse variance model featuring fixed-effects weighting was applied to explore the robustness of modeling. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. Dichotomous outcomes with respect to the prevalence of left- and right-sided skin cancers are presented as relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Nine studies were included in our evaluation. Our study sample included: 182,840 patients with malignant melanoma (MM), 1,419 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 331 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Meta-analyses of pooled observational data revealed greater prevalence of left-sided MM compared to right-sided MM (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89~0.92, p<0.01), while left-sided SCC was more prevalent than right-sided SCC (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71~0.97, p=0.02). However, right-sided BCC was more prevalent than left-sided BCC (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.95~1.19, p=0.26). CONCLUSION: Observational studies vary greatly in terms of design, methodological quality, and types of patients studied. Of note, only a few studies analyzing BCC and SCC were included in our present meta-analysis. Additionally, a selection and reporting bias could have affected our results. Our meta-analysis suggests that both MM and SCC demonstrate a left-side bias, but BCC does not.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Methods ; Population Characteristics ; Prevalence* ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin* ; United States

OBJECTIVETo analyse the diagnosis points of intracranial malignant melanoma.

METHODSThere were ten patients with intracranial malignant melanoma (but without clear extracranial primary lesion), whose epidemiology, clinical symptom, physical sign and imaging data were analysed.

RESULTSMost of patients were young men, The Clinical symptom or physical sign are similar to brain tumor or cerebral hemorrhage, but the course was shot, two cases of among having skin melanotic nevus. As for most of cases, CT were high density, MRI T1WI showed high signal and T2WI low signal, which often had hemorrhage. Histological examination showed all cases were malignant melanoma. Preoperative misdiagnosis was up to eight cases (80%).

CONCLUSIONSFor preoperative accurate diagnosis, this disease's epidemiology, clinical symptom, extracranial physical sign and imaging data points could be synthetical analysed.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed