No abstract available.
Malaria, Cerebral* ; Plasmodium falciparum*

Cerebral malaria is a severe neurological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Cerebral malaria can lead to cerebral infarction by several mechanisms including systemic inflammatory response. The systemic inflammatory response is known to rarely occur in Plasmodium vivax infection. We report a patient who developed multiple cerebral infarctions following Plasmodium vivax infection.
Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Malaria, Cerebral ; Plasmodium ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium vivax

Mixed falciparum-vivax infection accounts for 5% of all malaria cases seen in endemic region. However, a larger proportion of mixed malaria cases develop cerebral complication. We report one case of mixed infection resulted in cerebral malaria.
Coinfection ; Malaria* ; Malaria, Cerebral

Malaria is a worldwide febrile illness with high morbidity and mortality. High fever, jaundice, hemolysis, and hepatosplenomegaly are usual symptoms and signs of malaria, whereas retinal hemorrhage is an unusual finding. Retinal hemorrhage has been known to be one of the clinical manifestations in severe Plasmodium falciparum infection, especially in children developing cerebral malaria. However, retinal hemorrhage can occur in adult patients with severe parasitemia, shizontemia, anemia and may occur in malaria infections caused by other Plasmodium species, because it is due to dense parasitemia in deep vascular beds. A case of Plasmodium vivax malaria with retinal hemorrhage has not been reported as yet. We report a Plasmodium vivax malaria patient with retinal hemorrhage, who presented with severe schizontemia and anemia.
Adult* ; Anemia ; Child ; Fever ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Malaria ; Malaria, Cerebral ; Malaria, Vivax* ; Mortality ; Parasitemia ; Plasmodium ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium vivax ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde*

Blackwater fever is a serious clinical syndrome manifested by acute intravascular hemolysis, fever, and the passage of black or red urine, which is classically associated with falciparum malaria and irregular administration of quinine. In Korea, Plasmodium vivax is the only endemic malaria circulating; a number of imported cases of falciparum malaria have been reported in patients following return from international travel to a malaria endemic area. Therefore, it is important for health care professionals including pediatricians to be aware of the falciparum malaria and its clinical courses. Herein, we report a case of a 14-year-old girl with severe falciparum malaria that was complicated by blackwater fever.
Adolescent ; Blackwater Fever* ; Child* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Fever ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Korea ; Malaria* ; Malaria, Falciparum ; Plasmodium vivax ; Quinine

A total of 10.140 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected during the period 1985-1995 in 5 study sites. ELISA(+) reactions were detected in 229 mosquito samples from 10 Anopheles species of An.minimus, An.dirus, An.vagns, An.maculatus, An.subpictus, An.campestris, An.tessellatus, An.jeyporiensis, An.aconitus, An.spl. In Bai Tranh (Thanh Hoa province), Khanh Phu and Khanh Nam (Khanh Hoa province), 7 species were found to be infected with malaria sporozoites as An.minimus, An.dirus, An.vagus, An.maculatus. An.aconitus, An.tessellatus, An.jeyporiensis. In the brackish water commune Phong Phu (Binh Chanh district, HCM city) and in Can Giuoc district (Long An province), 7 species were found to be infected with malaria sporozoites as An. subpictus, An.sinensis, An.sundaicus, An.campestris, An.vagus, An.tessellatuss, An.spl. The positive infection rate was An.dirus (4,5% - 8,5%), An.minimus (8,3%) in Khanh Phu and Khanh Nam (Khánh Hòa) and An.sinensis (4,5% - 11%). An.campestris (6,6% - 6,7%), An.vagus (4,6%) in Phong Phu (HCM city) and Can Giuoc (Long An)
malaria ; diagnosis ; malaria, falciparum ; mosquitoes ; Sporozoites ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; malaria ; malaria, falciparum ; mosquitoes ; Sporozoites ; malaria, vivax

Objective and methods: 83 patients infected with P.vivax malaria were divided randomly into two groups. 51 patients were treated with CV8 and 32 patients were treated with Chlo + Pri. Results: The mean time for disolving fever was 20.1 hours for CV8 group and 21.0 hours for Chlo + Pri group, the difference has no statistic significance with P>0.05. The mean parasite clearance time was 30.3 hours and 31.0 hours for CV8 and Chlo + Pri groups. respectively, the difference has no statistic significance with P>0.05. The relapse parasite rate was 3.9 % in CV8 group, highter than that in Chlo + Pri group (3.1%) of , the difference has no statistic significance with P>0.05. Conclusion: CV8 can be used for P. vivax malaria patients in the hyper-epidemic remote areas.
Malaria ; Primaquine ; Malaria ; Falciparum

224 patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were randomly devided into two groups receiving CV8 treatment (123 patients) and artesunate+primaquine (As+Pri) (101 patients). Results: The lately recurrence rate of CV8 treatment was 3.3% and of As+Pri was 17.8%, the difference had statistic significance (p<0.05). Mean time for fever clearance of CV8 was 22.5 hours, was the same as AS+Pri (21.8 hours). The inhibitory gametocidel effect on CV8 on P.falciparum has been seen and it help elimination of dissermination. The side effects such as nausea (13.8%), vomitting (4.9%) in CV8 treated groups were the same in AS+Pri groups. These effects were often self-limited. There were no hemoglobinuria case.
Malaria, Primaquine, Malaria, Falciparum

65 patients with uncomplicated Pl.falciparum malaria were monitored during 28 days after 5 -day -course use of artemisinine (year 1998) and 69 patients after 7 day course (year 2001). The mean fever cut time lengthened for 1,5 days in 1998 and 1,8 days in 2001.The mean parasite cut time had lengthened for 1,8 days in1998 and 2,3 days in 2001. The rate of reappearance of parasite accounted for 36,9% within 28 days follow up with 5 -day -course procedure and 7,3 % with 7 days procedure. The rate of repeated infestion was remarkable: 10/21 patients (year1998) and 3/5 (year 2001) had got recurrence. No change of EC50 was reported between the years 1998 and 2001, but an increase by 2 and 4 folds of EC90 and EC99 was reported.EC50,90 and 99% of chloroquine, mefloquine and quinine in the year 2001 decreased by 2 folds vs 1998
malaria ; malaria, falciparum ; Artemisinins ;

The evaluation of test Paracheck P.f for malaria fast diagnosis was conducted at three levels (provincial hospital, district hospital and commune health stations) in Ninh Thuan province between July 2002 and March 2003. Results showed that: the positive rate of Paracheck-Pf was 19.5% against the positive slide rate (PSR) of P.faciparum was 7.7% at provincial hospital level. The positive rate of Paracheck-Pf was 19.2% against the PSR of P.falciparum was 14.6% by microscopy at district hospital level. The positive rate of Parachec-Pf was 13.6% against the PSR of P.falciparum by microscopy was 14.2% at commune health stations. Paracheck-Pf was found to have the sensitivity of 93.8% and the specificity of 86.5% at the provincial hospital, 92.8% and 94.1%, respectively at the district hospital, and 90.6% and 99.7%, respectively at commune health stations
malaria ; diagnosis ; malaria, falciparum