No abstract available.
Dinoprost* ; Female ; Laparoscopes* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

This paper presents a three-dimensional electronic laparoscopy system, including three-dimensional laparoscope pipe and medical video system. The three-dimensional laparoscope pipe adopts a dual-optical structure, which can collect three-dimensional information of the surgical region. By selecting a reasonable initial structure, the MTF curve of the objective lens is close to the diffraction limit, and the distortion is less than 25%. The medical video system also achieved high-definition image with 1 080 P, 30 Hz by GPU. At the mean time, the three-dimensional electronic laparoscope has achieved quantitative production and has been tested in a number of animals, which has broad application prospects and significant clinical application value.
Electronics, Medical ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy

The proportion of laparoscopic surgeries is continuously increasing in general surgeries. Along with the development and application, new image sensor and digital image processing technology accelerated the emergence of novel laparoscope in recent years. Stereoscopic laparoscope (3D) appearing make the space orientation more accurate. new imaging methods and new structure design satisfy more clinical requirements; combination with optical technology (NBI technique, PDD technique, ICG technique) make intraoperative diagnosis possible.
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy

PURPOSE: We peformed endoscopic thyroidectomy and open thyroidectomy during the same period. In this study, we analyzed the result (merits and demerits) between endoscopic procedure and open procedure. METHODS: From Aug. 2003 to Aug. 2004, each procedure was performed in 92 patients. Conventional open thyroidectomy was underwent in 50 patients and endoscopic thyroidectomy was underwent in 42 patients. We performed the endoscopic thyroidectomy using breast approach. The 2 incisions, which could use 12 mm ports were placed on the areolar area of the breast as a circumferential fashion. The remaining 1 incision, which could use 5 mm port was placed on the right subclavicular area, 3~4 cm below right clavicle. We used 25 degree, a rigid laparoscope with 5 mm Hg of CO2 insufflation pressure. We also compared the results of mean ages and sex ratio, pathologic diagnosis, extent of operation, mean hospital day, mean operation time between open surgery group and endoscopic thyroidectomy group. RESULTS: We found that the mean age in the endoscopic group was younger, inversely the operation time was longer than in the open surgery group significantly (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the other results between two groups (P>0.05). The endoscopic group in the aspect of cosmetic was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: We could perform the endoscopic thyroidectomy safely and feasibly. The endoscopic surgery was cosmetically satisfactory. We expect it can increase the extent of surgery.
Breast ; Clavicle ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopes ; Sex Ratio ; Thyroidectomy*

Gallbladder agenesis is a rare congenital biliary anomaly that may be associated with other biliary and extrabiliary congenital anomalies. Awareness of this condition is important because many of these patients may have vague biliary symptoms that lead to unnecessary operations. We treated a 46-year-old woman who was diagnosed with gallbladder agenesis during performance of gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. The gallbladder was not visualized by the preoperative abdominal ultrasonography, the abdominal computed tomography and the MRCP. The hepatobiliary scan revealed non-visualization of the gallbladder. Based on these imaging studies, there was a high suspicion of a sclero-atrophic gallbladder or agenesis of the gallbladder. At surgery, we carefully examined the porta hepatis and found that the gallbladder was absent. The operation involved only examination with a laparoscope. The patient has remained well and asymptomatic. It is extremely difficult to diagnose gallbladder agenesis in clinical settings; the identification of gallbladder agenesis is often an incidental finding. For cases where the gallbladder is not visualized preoperatively, a diagnostic laparoscopy can be an alternative diagnostic tool prior to performing laparotomy.
Female ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Middle Aged

It is known that pediatric inguinal hernia is caused by the incomplete closure of processus vaginalis (PV). In the case of unilateral hernia, possibile contralateral patent PV should be considered because of its delayed appearance as well as its risk of incarceration. Direct visualization of patent PV could be done by contralateral exploration or by indirect exploration through the ipsilateral opening site of the affected hernia assisted with laparoscope. A patient group (321 persons) to whom laparoscopy was not performed from March 2000 to March 2003 was analyzed and compared with a patient group (280 persons) to whom laparoscopy was performed from April 2003 to September 2005. With all 601 patients, the sex ratio (male/female) of patients was 3.8:1. The side distribution was 57.7% in the right, 32.1% in the left and 10.1% in bilateral. There was no difference of sex and side distribution between before and after laparosopy adoption. We did not find an age correlation in natural closure of the residual PV of the peritoneum. Contralateral hernia developed in 14 persons (2.5%) after the operation of unilateral inguinal hernia before laparoscope adoption. But no contralateral hernia developed after April 2003 with laparoscopy. We think that if we use laparoscopy, being a safe and accurate method, to check whether the contralateral residual PV is opened or closed, possible future contralateral operation can be avoided.
Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy ; Peritoneum ; Sex Ratio

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on laparoscope postoperative shivering in patients undergoing general anesthesia and explore its effect mechanism. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with elective laparoscopic resection of intestinal tumor under general anesthesia were randomly divided into an EA group and a tramadol group, 40 cases in each group. Thirty min prior to the end of the operation, in the EA group, EA was exerted at Neimadian and Zusanli (ST 36), with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, 1 mA in intensity, and lasting 30 min. In the tramadol group, tramadol hydrochloride injection was dropped intravenously, 1 mg/kg. The conditions of shivering, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and agitation were observed in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed before treatment (T₀), at the moment of extubation (T₁), in 3 min of extubation (T₂) and 1 h after operation (T₃). Using ELISA, at T₀ and T₃, the expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in plasma were detected separately. Choking and agitation were recorded during extubation. RESULTS: ① In the EA group, the incidence of shivering, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and agitation in the PACU was lower than that in the tramadol group (P<0.05). ②Compared with T₀, HR, SBP and DBP were increased at T₁ and T₂ in the tramadol group (P<0.05). HR, SBP and DBP in the EA group were lower than the tramadol group at T₁ and T₂ (P<0.05). ③Compared with T₀, the expression levels of IL-6 and 5-HT in plasma were increased at T₃ in the tramadol group (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 and 5-HT in the EA group were lower than the tramadol group at T₃ (P<0.05). ④The incidence of choking and agitation during exudation in the EA group was lower than that in the tramadol group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture can reduce the incidence of laparoscopic postoperative shivering under general anesthesia. The potential mechanism mays related to the modulation of the expression levels of IL-6 and 5-HT caused by surgical trauma.
Anesthesia, General/adverse effects* ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Laparoscopes ; Postoperative Period ; Shivering

Aortic injury during laparoscopic procedures is a rare but life-threatening complication if not recognized and swiftly treated. We report our experience with a 47-year-old woman presenting with an aortic puncture of the anterior wall from a trocar insertion during a laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (laparoscopic hysterectomy). Diagnosis was delayed because of the limited vision of the laparoscope and the tamponade effect produced by the pneumoperitoneum. Anesthesiologists should be aware of the risk of iatrogenic major vessel injury during trocar insertion.
Female ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal ; Laparoscopes ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Punctures ; Surgical Instruments ; Vision, Ocular

The surgical indications for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with esophageal motility disorders have been debated. We report a case of antireflux surgery performed in a patient with absent esophageal motility as categorized by the Chicago classification (2011). A 54-year-old man underwent laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication due to apparent GERD and desire to discontinue all medications. After surgery, his subjective symptoms improved. Furthermore, objective findings including manometry and 24-hour pH-metry also improved. In our experience, antireflux surgery can improve GERD symptoms patients, even with absent esophageal motility.
Classification ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Fundoplication* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Humans ; Laparoscopes ; Manometry ; Middle Aged

Polypoid tumors of the gallbladder are diagnosed very rarely in children; there are only 13 cases of childhood gallbladder polyps reported in the medical literature worldwide. Unlike those found in adults that consist mostly of cholesterol, polypoid tumors in children tend to have variable pathologic features. For pediatric patients, cholecystectomy is recommended either when the polyp is larger than 1 cm or when it causes significant symptoms. But close observation with serial abdominal sonography is sufficient in most asymptomatic pediatric patient. Recently, we experienced a 15-year-old boy with gallbladder polyps who presented with recent onset abdominal pain and nausea. A cholecystectomy using peritoneoscope was performed. The pathologic examination of the polyp revealed a tubular adenoma.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholesterol ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Laparoscopes ; Male ; Nausea ; Polyps* ; Urinary Bladder*