PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a self-evaluation method using video recording on competency in nursing skills, self-directed learning ability, and academic self-efficacy in nursing students. METHODS: The study design was a non-equivalent pre-post quasi-experimental design. The experimental and control groups were randomly assigned with 35 participants in each group. Interventions for the experimental group were video recording and students\' self-evaluation of what they did. Nursing skills included in the study were tube feeding, intradermal injection, subcutaneous injection, and intramuscular injection. Competency in nursing skills was measured one time at the end of the study using a checklist. Self-directed learning ability and academic self-efficacy were measured 3 times (pre-, mid-, and post-intervention) over the 8 weeks. Independent t-test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analyses. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference for competency in nursing skills and self-directed learning ability over the 8 weeks of the practice session. There was a significant difference in academic self-efficacy by groups over time. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that self-evaluation method using video recording is an effective learning way to improve academic achievement in nursing students.
Checklist ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Learning* ; Nursing* ; Self Efficacy ; Self-Assessment ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing ; Video Recording*

Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Humans ; Injections ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intralesional ; Skin Diseases ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

BACKGROUND: Intraarticular opioids and local anesthetics may provide effective analgesia following knee arthroscopic surgery. However, there are conflicting results about the analgesic effects of a combination of morphine, bupivacaine and clonidine injected intraarticularly following knee arthroscopic surgery. The goal of this study was to determine whether clonidine added to an intraarticular morphine- bupivacaine combination provide an analgesic benefit. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for knee arthroscopic surgery under epidural anesthesia were selected and divided to two groups randomly. The patients in Group 1 received a combination of morphine 3 mg 0.25% bupivacaine 30 ml and patients in Group 2 received a combination of clonidine 3microgram/kg and morphine 3 mg in 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine intraarticularly following knee arthroscopic surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and changes of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, requirement of additional analgesics, adverse effects and sedation scale were observed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after intraarticular injection. RESULTS: The VAS observed at 4, 8 and 24 hours after intraarticular injection were significantly lower in group 2 than group 1. Blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly changed between group 1 and group 2. The incidence of side effects, injection of additional analgesics and sedation were similar between the groups. There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes, analgesic requirements, sedation scale or the increase of side effects between group 1 and group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the combination of intraarticular morphine 3 mg in 30 ml 0.25% bupivacaine plus clonidine provides significantly better analgesia than morphine 3 mg in 30 ml 0.25% bupivacaine alone following knee arthroscopy.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthetics, Local ; Arterial Pressure ; Arthroscopy* ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Clonidine ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Knee* ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative

Mesotherapy is a widely used technique of intradermal or subcutaneous microinjection of a drug or cocktail of drugs, at sites of the body with medical or aesthetic problems. Rare cutaneous side effects have been previously reported, including allergic reactions to the administered drugs or skin infections. We herein report a case of an immediate adverse reaction following mesotherapy. A 40-year-old woman was referred to our department with pruritic erythematous urticarial plaques at the sites of application of mesotherapy. She had been treated for abdominal liposis with one session of multiple subcutaneous injections of a drug mixture including aminophylline at a local clinic. After clinical recovery, a skin test using the same drugs was performed. A positive intradermal test was found with aminophylline and ethylenediamine that is an ingredient of aminophylline. These results support that the ethylenediamine component of aminophylline is identified as the etiologic agent.
Adult ; Aminophylline ; Ethylenediamines ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Intradermal Tests ; Mesotherapy ; Microinjections ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Urticaria

A liquid jet injector employs compressed gas or spring to produce a high-velocity stream to deliver liquid drug into human body through skin. There are many clinical jet injection products available, none of which is domestic. A new liquid jet injector is designed based on a comprehensive analysis of the current products. The injector consists of an ejector, trigger and a re-positioning mechanism. The jets characteristics of sample injector are tested, and the results show that the maximum exit pressure is above 15 MPa, a threshold value for penetrating into the skin.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Injections, Jet ; instrumentation ; methods

Extravasation of toxic chemotherapeutic 'agents cause severe skin ulceration and necrosis which often need secondary surgical intervention. Still, there were not established antidote agent in case of extravasation with mitomycin-c. Dimethyl sulfoxide is known as an effective chemical scavenger of toxic hydroxyl free radical and sodium thiosulfate also was demonstrated significant protector from mitomycin-c induced ulceration by a few experimental studies. Author investigated necrotic area of mitomycin-c injected site and compare to the effectiveness of topical treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and intradermal injection of sodium thiosulfate according to starting times, forty five mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group(n=5) had no treatment after subcutaneous injection of mitomycin-c. Experimental group I and 11 were 20 mice treated dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium.
Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Mitomycin* ; Necrosis* ; Skin Ulcer ; Sodium* ; Ulcer

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the central antinociceptive effects of eugenol after intraperitoneal administration. Experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin-induced nociceptive behavioral responses was used as the pain model. Subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin significantly produced nociceptive responses by increasing the licking time during nociceptive behavior. Subsequent intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of eugenol led to a significant decrease in the licking time. However, low dose of eugenol (50 mg/kg) did not affect the nociceptive behavioral responses produced by subcutaneous injection of formalin. Intrathecal injection of 30 µg of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, significantly blocked antinociceptive effects produced by intraperitoneal injection of eugenol. Neither intrathecal injection of methysergide (30 µg), a serotonin receptor antagonist nor phentolamine (30 µg), an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist influenced antinociceptive effects of eugenol, as compared to the vehicle treatment. These results suggest that central opioid pathway participates in mediating the antinociceptive effects of eugenol.
Eugenol ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Spinal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Methysergide ; Naloxone ; Negotiating ; Phentolamine ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid ; Serotonin

Facial rejuvenation using Botulinum toxin A is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures. Many cosmetic applications of Botulinum toxin A are under evaluation. Intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin A is a variation of the intramuscular injection technique and remains relatively new technique. This evaluates the effects of intradermal injection of Botulinum Toxin A on facial wrinkle lines. Thirty patients were included to undergo intradermal injections of Botulinum toxin A on forehead, cheek and periorbital area. Three sessions of injection were performed for 10 days. Clinical photograpahs were taken for 24 weeks, and evaluated patient's satisfaction and objective improvement of facial wrinkle lines. Improvement in patient's satisfaction and facial wrinkle line was noted in the post-treatment photographs. This effect was lasted for about 12 weeks. The intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin A is effective method for facial rejuvenation without obvious side effects.
Botulinum Toxins ; Cheek ; Cosmetics ; Forehead ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Rejuvenation

Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is commonly used for the treatment of forehead wrinkles. In practice, physicians often use an intradermal injection for this purpose, as they feel that there is a lower risk of adverse effects compared with intramuscular injection. However, there are no direct comparative studies between those two injection modalities. We conducted a 24-week long, double-blinded, split-face, pilot study of three participants to compare the efficacy and safety of intradermal or intramuscular injection of BTXA for the treatment of forehead wrinkles. Maximum improvement of wrinkles and the time to achieve maximum effect were similar for both methods. The brow level was lower on the intramuscular injection side throughout the follow-up period for all participants. Subjective satisfaction with wrinkles was similar on both sides, but patients felt more heaviness of the eyebrow on the intramuscular side. No serious side effects were noted. In conclusion, the anti-wrinkle effect of BTXA was not significantly different between intramuscular and intradermal injections. However, side effects such as eyebrow ptosis, and heaviness were more prominent after intramuscular injection.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Eyebrows ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forehead* ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal* ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Pilot Projects

PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of metronidazole for wound infection by using intra-incisional infiltration before appendectomy. METHODS: From January to May 2000, 176 patients with acute appendicitis received appendectomy. All patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group I (n=50) was the treatment group and group II (n=126) was the control group. After anesthesizing the patients of group I, 7.5 mg/kg of metronidazole was injected into subcutaneous tissue and muscle. All patients of group I and II were given intravenous injection of cephalosporin and intravenous or intramuscular injection of aminoglycoside. RESULTS: In the 50 cases of group I, the rate of wound infection was 2% and the rate of wound infection in the 126 cases of group II was 4.8%. The rate of anaerobic bacteria of organisms cultured from wound of patients with infection was 0% in group I and 33% in group II. The statistical analysis using chi-square test was not significant (p=0.676) but the rate of wound infection was reduced, especially in infection caused by anaerobic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of wound infection was not significant statistically but it was reduced after intra-incisional infiltration of metronidazole. Therefore we suggest that this method can be one of methods that reduce the rate of wound infection after appendectomy.
Appendectomy* ; Appendicitis ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Intravenous ; Metronidazole* ; Prospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Wound Infection* ; Wounds and Injuries*