Goals ; Health Status ; Humans

No abstract available.
*Education, Medical ; *Goals

Background: Personal mission in life can determine the motivation, happiness, career advancement and fulfilment in life of the medical students (MSs) along with improvement in professional/clinical performance of the family physicians. This study explored the personal beliefs, values and goals in the lives of MSs and general practitioners (GPs). Methods: Fourth-year MSs at the Universiti Putra Malaysia and GPs who participated in a 2-hour session on ‘Ethics in Family Medicine’ in 2012 were invited. All the participants submitted the post-session written reflections about their personal missions in life. The written reflections were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 87 MSs and 31 GPs submitted their written reflections. The authors identified 17 categories from the reflections contained by four themes—good vs. smart doctor, professional improvement vs. self-improvement, self-fulfilment and expressed motivation. The most common categories were “to be a good doctor” (97/330) and “professional improvement”(65/330). Many MSs had expressed motivation and wanted to be a smart doctor as compared to the GPs, whereas a larger number of GPs wished to have a fulfilled life and be a good doctor through professional improvement. Conclusion: The difference between the two student groups might indicate different levels of maturity and life experiences. Medical teachers should engage students more effectively in orientating them towards the essential values needed in medical practice.
Goals ; Value of Life ; Students, Medical

Due to various constraints, such as clinical implementation conditions and unique characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture-moxibustion still suffer from relatively low quality and limited applicability. The single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal can be considered as an ideal supplementary and alternative research approach to RCTs. In this paper, the feasibility of applying the single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research is explored from the limitations of conducting acupuncture-moxibustion RCTs, the principles, the essential design considerations and key statistical steps. In addition, illustrative examples are provided. The objective is to offer insights into resolving practical difficulties in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research.
Moxibustion ; Goals ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture

Chest Pain ; diagnosis ; Goals ; Humans ; Pain Clinics

No abstract available.
Goals ; *Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Human ; World Health Organization

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a global agenda for the international and national agencies and non-government organizations to work together towards promoting human development as the key to sustaining social and economic progress. There are eight MDGs to be achieved by the year 2015: Goal 1 – Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; Goal 2 – Achieve universal primary education; Goal 3 – Promote gender equality and empower women; Goal 4 – Reduce child mortality; Goal 5 – Improve maternal health; Goal 6 – Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; Goal 7 – Ensure environmental sustainability; and Goal 8 – Develop a global partnership for development. Each MDG is accompanied by one or more targets, which in turn are monitored by specific measureable indicators. Several of these indicators are closely linked to nutrition, thus underscoring the paramount importance that nutrition plays in influencing the success of the MDGs, especially those aimed at reducing hunger and poverty, improving education attainment, gender quality, child mortality, maternal health and combating diseases. Adequate nutrition including key micronutrients is crucial for optimum growth and development from infancy through childhood and adolescence. Improving maternal health is also critical as impaired health during pregnancy can bring about an inter-generational effect on human capital. Gender equality is said to bring about a ‘double dividend’ in benefiting both women and children. Access to safe water and living in a sanitary environment are necessary conditions for ensuring people do not run the risk of infections and diseases arising from an unclean environment. Incorporating nutrition considerations into government development policies and budgets is essential towards enhancing the achievement of the health-related MDGs by 2015.
Goals ; Carbon ion ; Nutritional status ; Health ; development aspects

With the global climate change process is accelerating, China is facing great challenges. It is urgent to carry out scientific study, aiming at the major needs of health adaptation action to climate change under the 'double carbon' target. This special issue on Climate Change and Health highlights and reports on China's latest scientific findings in this field. The health risks of non-optimal temperature, drought, ultraviolet radiation and other meteorological factors and cold spells in China are clarified, and the research methods of health risk early warning of heat waves are summarized. Future researches need to further elucidate the scientific evidence of the impact of meteorological factors and extreme weather events on population health in China systematically. Focus on innovating and developing technical methods and tools such as health risk early warning models. Accelerate the transformation and application of relevant scientific and technological achievements in China. To provide scientific and technological support for the health adaptation action to climate change under the 'double carbon' goal.
Humans ; Climate Change ; Carbon ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Goals ; China

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of early goal-directed fluid therapy with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), multiple organ dysfunction and fluid balance in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.

METHODSAccording to the criteria of selection and exclusion, 120 SAP patients within 72 hours after the symptom occurred from 4 study sites were recruited. They were given standard medication according to "the guideline of diagnosis and treatment of SAP in China" in SICU or PICU. The patients were randomly divided into two groups with crystalloid (control group) and colloid plus crystalloid resuscitation (research group). The objective of fluid therapy was to keep steady hemodynamics for 8 days. IAP was measured three times daily by means of urinary bladder transduction. Function of liver, renal and lung were detected daily. APACHE II score and fluid balance were calculated daily.

RESULTSTotal 120 cases were recruited into research group (n = 59) and control group (n = 61). The demography and baseline data were comparable. IAP was lower in research group than that in control group at day 4 and day 5 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in APACHE II scores between two groups pre- and after admission. The decline of daily IAP to baseline (DeltaIAP) in research group was significantly higher than in research group from day 2 to day 8(P < 0.05), whilst the decline of daily APACHE II score to baseline (DeltaAPACHE II score) in research group were significantly higher from day 4 to day 8 (P < 0.05). Negative fluid balance emerged much earlier in the research group (P = 0.036). Percentage of patients with negative fluid balance within 8 days was significantly higher in research group than that in control group (94.9% vs. 62.3%). The amount of positive fluid balance was significantly lower in research group (P = 0.039). IAP correlated significantly with APACHE II score (r(2) = 0.322, P = 0.000). PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higer in research group at day 4 and day 8.

CONCLUSIONSIt is very important to pay close attention to IAP in early fluid therapy of SAP patients. Early goal-directed fluid therapy with HES130/0.4 shortens the duration of positive fluid balance, decreases the amount of positive fluid balance, reduces APACHE II score, relieves IAH, and improves PaO2/FiO2.

PURPOSE: The educational purpose of a medical school is important, because it guides educational decisions in an individual organization and projects the image of the doctors that we are generating. By analyzing the educational goals of entire medical schools, this study aimed to examine the current orientation and future direction of undergraduate medical education in Korea. METHODS: Educational goals were collected from the website of each medical school and subjected to inductive content analysis. After identifying categories and themes, we examined the differences between medical school subgroups and compared the categories with competencies that have been suggested by the "Korean Doctor's Role." RESULTS: Thirteen themes were identified: medical expertise, professionalism, contribution to various levels of society, self-management and development, basic educational ideology, research ability, cooperation, leadership, dealing with future change, respect for life, creativity, problem-solving ability, and ability to educate. There was a significant difference in educational goals between medical schools when grouped by geographic location and affiliation of research-driven hospitals. Of the 16 competencies that are suggested by the Korean Doctor's Role, 12 had one or more corresponding categories. CONCLUSION: Per their current educational purposes, Korean medical schools pursue a broad variety of competencies that need cultivating during the course of undergraduate medical education. Further research is needed to determine how best to apply these educational purposes in actual institutions and ultimately lead them to become part of the competency of a graduate.
*Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; *Goals ; Humans ; *Professional Competence ; Republic of Korea ; *Schools, Medical