In this study, we report that the treatment of strychinine (STR), an inhibitor of glycine receptor, induced premature onset of programmed cell death (PCD) of developing chick motoneurons (MNs). Treatment of STR on E4 chick embryo increased the apoptosis of MN on E5 when MN PCD does not occur normally. On the other hand, treatment of STR from E3 or E5 for 24 hours did not significantly influence the extent of MN PCD, indicating that the STR effect is developmental stage-specific. However, the expression of glycine receptor isoform was low on E3-4, and other glycine receptor antagonists did not exhibit PCD-promoting activity, suggesting that the STR action on PCD is not related to the glycine receptor activation. Identification of the target molecule for STR action may provide novel mechanism how the onset of developmental PCD is regulated.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; Chick Embryo ; Glycine ; Hand ; Receptors, Glycine

No abstract available.
Chloroquine* ; Edetic Acid* ; Glycine* ; Immunoglobulin G*

Glycine ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Herbicides ; toxicity

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Glutamic Acid* ; Glycine* ; Rats*

Insulin autoimmune syndrome, a rare cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, is characterized by insulin autoantibody, hyperinsulinemia and fasting hypoglycemia. It is well known that drugs containing a sulfhydryl group such as methimazole or α-mercaptopropionyl glycine can induce insulin autoimmune syndrome. However, insulin autoimmune syndrome caused by anti-tuberculosis treatment is very rare. We report a case of insulin autoimmune syndrome after anti-tuberculosis treatment with a review of the relevant literature.
Glycine ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin* ; Methimazole ; Tuberculosis

Glycine/analogs & derivatives* ; Humans ; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous

This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of using an ORS with added glycine and glycyl-glycine. This was a double blind, controlled clinical trial. Randomization was done using permuted blocks of variables lenghts. The code was entrusted to personnel not connected with the research and obtained only after submission of observations. The patients were allocated to receive either the standard WHO-ORS formulation or the ORS-glycine and glycyl-glycine formulation. Addition of glycine and glycyl-glycine did not offer beneficial effects in terms of reduction of stool volume and duration of diarrhea. The absorption-promoting quality of the glycine and glycyl-glycine added to the ORS was observed by the higher weight gain after rehydration, 24 hours and, on discharge, despite a higher stool output. This property was offset by the consequent osmotic penalty

The glycine receptor (GlyR), a member of the pentameric ligand gated ion channel family, is best known for mediating inhibitory neurotransmission in motor and sensory circuits of the spinal cord, and is also present in the brain stem, cerebellum and retina When glycine binds to its site on the external receptor surface, the pore opens allowing Cl- to passively diffuse across the membrane. Because molecules that increase GlyR current may have clinical potentials as muscle relaxant and peripheral analgesic drug, it is important to understand and study the physiology and molecular pharmacology of the GlyR. We review the pharmacology and physiologic properties, structures, function and heritable disorders of glycinergic neurotransmission.
Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Glycine ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; Membranes ; Muscles ; Negotiating ; Receptors, Glycine ; Retina ; Spinal Cord

Threonine aldolases catalyze the aldol condensation of aldehydes with glycine to furnish β-hydroxy-α-amino acid with two stereogenic centers in a single reaction. This is one of the most promising green methods for the synthesis of optically pure β-hydroxy-α-amino acid with high atomic economy and less negative environmental impact. Several threonine aldolases from different origins have been identified and characterized. The insufficient -carbon stereoselectivity and the challenges of balancing kinetic versus thermodynamic control to achieve the optimal optical purity and yield hampered the application of threonine aldolases. This review summarizes the recent advances in discovery, catalytic mechanism, high-throughput screening, molecular engineering and applications of threonine aldolases, with the aim to provide some insights for further research in this field.
Amino Acids ; Catalysis ; Glycine ; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase/metabolism* ; Kinetics ; Substrate Specificity ; Threonine

Glyphosate is an herbicide that is used worldwide. Suicidal attempts with a glyphosate-surfactant herbicides (GlySH) are on the rise. The severity of corrosive injuries is thought to have a close correlation with a higher complication rate or pulmonary aspiration. We report a case with multiple toxic effects associated with a severe laryngopharyngeal corrosive injury following GlySH intoxciation. Specifically, a severe laryngopharyngeal corrosive injury might be significantly associated with the toxic effects and complications, including respiratory failure and chemical pneumonia, bleeding tendency, increased BUN/Cr ratio, and frequent aspiration due to dysphagia. Appropriate evaluation and management of corrosive injuries may be helpful in caring for GlySH-intoxicated patients.
Deglutition Disorders ; Glycine ; Hemorrhage ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Insufficiency