Adult ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin ; blood ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidic Acids ; immunology ; Phosphatidylcholines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylinositols ; immunology ; Phosphatidylserines ; immunology ; Reference Values

A lipidomic study on extensive plasma lipids in bacterial peritonitis (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP)-induced sepsis in mice was done at 24 h post-CLP. The effects of administration of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), compounds known to have beneficial effects in CLP, on the sepsis-induced plasma lipid changes were also examined. Among the 147 plasma lipid species from 13 lipid subgroups (fatty acid [FA], LPA, LPC, lysophosphatidylethanolamine [LPE], phosphatidic acid [PA], phosphatidylcholine [PC], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE], phosphatidylinositol [PI], monoacylglyceride [MG], diacylglyceride [DG], triacylglyceride [TG], sphingomyelin [SM], and ceramide [Cer]) analyzed in this study, 40 and 70 species were increased, and decreased, respectively, in the CLP mice. Treatments with LPC and LPA affected 14 species from 7 subgroups, and 25 species from 9 subgroups, respectively. These results could contribute to finding the much needed reliable biomarkers of sepsis.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Ligation ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; Mice* ; Peritonitis ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Plasma* ; Punctures ; Sepsis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of human pulp cell on Portland cement mixed with beta-glycerophosphate. To investigate the effect of beta-glycerophosphate and/or dexamethasone on human pulp cell, ALP activity on various concentration of beta-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone was measured and mineral nodule of human pulp cell was stained with Alizarin red S. MTS assay and ALP activity of human pulp cell on Portland cement mixed with various concentration of beta-glycerophosphate (10 mM, 100mM, 1M) was measured and the specimens were examined under SEM. Addition of beta-glycerophosphate or dexamethasone alone had no effect however, the addition of 5 mM beta-glycerophosphate and 100 nM dexamethasone had the largest increasement in ALP activity. There was no toxicity in all samples and the data showed that Portland cement mixed with 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate had more increase in ALP activity compared with control. In conclusion, Portland cement mixed with beta-glycerophosphate has no toxicity and promotes differentiation and mineralization of pulp cell compared with additive-free Portland cement. This implicated that application of Portland cement mixed with beta-glycerophosphate might form more reparative dentin and in turn it would bring direct pulp capping to success.
Anthraquinones ; Dental Pulp Capping ; Dentin ; Dexamethasone ; Glycerophosphates ; Humans

Bone and Bones ; Calcium ; Glycerophosphates ; Mandible ; Osseointegration ; Sulfur ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification in vitro.

METHODSVSMCs was treated with calcification medium containing calcium chloride and β-glycerophosphate to induce rat VSMCs calcification in vitro. VSMCs were divided into 5 groups: the control group (cultured in normal medium), the calcification group (incubated in calcified medium), the FGF21 group (cultured in calcified medium and FGF21), the PD166866 group (cultured in calcified medium and FGF21 and PD166866, inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1)), the GW9662 group (cultured in calcified medium and FGF21 and GW9662, inhibitor of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)). The calcification of VSMCs was detected by calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining. The protein and mRNA expression of FGFR1, β-Klotho, osteocalcin and smooth muscle 22α (SM22α) were determined by western blot analysis and realtime-PCR, respectively.

RESULTS(1) The mRNA (P < 0.01) and protein expressions of β-Klotho and FGFR1 were significantly downregulated in calcification group compared with control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). (2) The protein levels and mRNA expression of calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin were significantly downregulated, while the protein levels and mRNA of SM22α were significantly increased in FGF21 group compared with calcification group (all P < 0.05). Moreover, alizarin red staining verified positive red nodules on calcified VSMCs was significantly reduced in FGF21 group than in calcification group. (3) Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining were similar between PD166866 group and calcification group (all P > 0.05). (4) Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining were similar between GW9662 group and calcification group (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe inhibition of VSMCs calcification by FGF21 is mediated by further downregulating FGFR1 and β-Klotho while activating PPAR-γ pathways.

Animals ; Calcium ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Glycerophosphates ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Rats ; Vascular Calcification

Acetates ; Bone and Bones ; Calcium ; Calcium Compounds ; Glycerophosphates ; Mandible ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Phosphoric Acids ; Sulfur ; Sulfuric Acids ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo culture human dental papilla cells (HDPCs)and to study its cytobiological characters in vitro.

METHODSHDPCs were isolated and cultured with explant culture technique in vitro; Type I collagen, fibronection and laminin were detected in HDPCs and its secreted matrix with the immunocyto-chemical stain; HDPCs were incubated in mineralized promoting solution containing 10 mmol/L beta-glycerophosphate, 100 mg/L of ascorbic acid and 10 nmol/L dexamethasone supplemented with 10% FBS and the form of mineralized nodules was tested with Alizarin Red S stainning.

RESULTSCultured HDPCs in vitro were well growing in DMEM/F12. Type I collagen, fibronection and laminin staining were all positive in both HDPCs and its secreted matrix, and laminin was stained with bunchiness in matrix. Mineralized nodules formed after cultured 27 days by Alizarin Red S stainning.

CONCLUSIONHDPCs isolated and cultured are well growing in vitro, have a capability of synthesizing and secreting matrix and in mineralized promoting solution, are able to form mineralizer, so, HDPCs have a capacity of seed cell of tissue engineering regeneration tooth.

Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; Dental Papilla ; Dexamethasone ; Glycerophosphates ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Tissue Engineering ; Tooth

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSC) in osteogenic differentiation.

METHODSSMSC were obtained by limited dilution method and expanded to culture in 25-milliliter flasks. The attached cells were treated with inductive medium containing dexamethasone, glycerophosphate and vitamin C at 3rd passage SMSC. The mineralized nodule was stained by Von Kossa method. The expression of ALP and osteopontin were detected by histochemical, immunohistological staining technique, respectively, while the expression of cbfa1 mRNA by RT-PCR.

RESULTSPure SMSC which were of spindle shape and star shape, uniform in size, could be induced to pleomorphism osteoblast in vitro, which were intensive positive in ALP and osteopontin. The expression of cbfa1 mRNA were also verified by RT-PCR and the polygonal cells formed nodular structure at 4 weeks. All these were coincident with the characters of osteoblast.

CONCLUSIONSMSC can be purified and induced into osteoblast in vitro.

Ascorbic Acid ; Cell Differentiation ; Dexamethasone ; Glycerophosphates ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteopontin ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish human heart valve interstitial cells calcification culture model in vitro, and observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on calcification of human heart valve interstitial cells.

METHODSHuman heart valve interstitial cells were cultured in vitro, and divided into control group: cells were cultured in conventional media plus recombinant human BMP-2 treatment and experimental group: besides above treaments, calcification inducers ( recombinant human BMP-2, β-glycerophosphate, L-ascorbic acid, dexamethasone) were added to the culture media. The two group of cells were cultured for 14 days and were stained by Von Kossa, then the cell calcification was observed in this valvular interstitial cells calcification culture model in vitro. Protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interleukin 8, BMP-2 and BMP-4 was determined by Western blot and BMP-2 secretion was measured by ELISA.

RESULTSIn the control group, the structure of human heart valve interstitial cells was clear, and the spindle and radial growth shaped cellular morphology was visible, and Von Kossa staining was negative. In the experimental group, the nuclei become darker in color, and granular sediment distribution was seen surrounding cells, and Von Kossa staining was positive, the cells were forming nodules of calcification. The protein expression of ICAM-1, interleukin 8, BMP-2 and BMP-4 in the experimental was significantly higher than that of the control group (all P < 0.05). The expression of BMP-2 in the experimental group was also significantly higher than that in control group ((92.5 ± 4.9) pg/ml vs. (22.2 ± 1.9) pg/ml, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHuman BMP-2, β-glycerophosphate, L-ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone can induce human heart valve interstitial cells calcification and enhance inflammation in vitro by stimulating the secretion of BMP-2.

Ascorbic Acid ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Calcinosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Glycerophosphates ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

INTRODUCTION: Skeletal homeostasis is normally maintained by the stability between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. However, the correlation between the inflammatory reaction and osteoblastic differentiation of cultured osteoprogenitor cells has not been fully investigated. This study examined the effects of inflammatory cytokines on the osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteal-derived cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periosteal-derived cells were obtained from the mandibular periosteum and introduced into the cell culture. After passage 3, the periosteal-derived cells were further cultured in an osteogenic induction Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) medium containing dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and beta-glycerophosphate. In this culture medium, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha with different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL) or interleukin (IL)-1beta with different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 ng/mL) were added. RESULTS: Both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta stimulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in the periosteal-derived cells. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta increased the level of ALP expression in a dose-dependent manner. Both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta also increased the level of alizarin red S staining in a dose-dependent manner during osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteal-derived cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta can stimulate the osteoblastic activity of cultured human periosteal-derived cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anthraquinones ; Ascorbic Acid ; Bone Resorption ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cytokines ; Dexamethasone ; Durapatite ; Glycerophosphates ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Interleukins ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Periosteum ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha