1.Molecular Mechanism of the Action of Clostridium botulinum Type B Neurotoxin.
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 2000;35(5):344-345
No Abstract Available.
Clostridium botulinum type B*
;
Clostridium botulinum*
;
Clostridium*
2.Molecular Mechanism of the Action of Clostridium botulinum Type B Neurotoxin.
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 2000;35(5):344-345
No Abstract Available.
Clostridium botulinum type B*
;
Clostridium botulinum*
;
Clostridium*
3.Clinical profile and management of tetanus: A 5-year retrospective case series in a referral tertiary hospital in Metro Manila.
Jesi Ellen Bautista ; Gail Melissa I. Ramiro ; Artemio A. Roxas Jr.
Philippine Journal of Neurology 2020;23(1):15-24
OBJECTIVE:
To describe the profile, management, and outcome of adult patients admitted for tetanus.
METHODOLOGY:
A search of the hospital and department database was conducted for patients with admitting or final
diagnosis of tetanus. Patients below 19 years old, with alternative diagnosis, incomplete or unavailable
records, transferred to another institution, and went home against medical advice were excluded. Data on
patient demographics, source of infection, symptom severity, and management were obtained. Data was
described using proportions and averages.
RESULTS:
Thirty-two patients were included in the study. Twenty-seven were male with a mean age of 45.63 ± 13.39.
All cases had no history of tetanus vaccination. The most common focus of infection was acute injuries.
More than half of patients would be diagnosed within 72 hours of symptom onset. The most common
symptoms on presentation were trismus, rigidity, dysphagia, and spasms. On admission, Cole severity for
11 (34.4%) cases was mild, 17 (53.1%) moderate, and 4 (12.5%) severe. Prophylactic tracheostomy was
performed in 31 patients and 19 (59.4%) were placed on assisted ventilation. All cases were treated with
metronidazole. A benzodiazepine was started in all cases for spasm control. Baclofen, magnesium sulfate,
and antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine were also used. Twenty (62.5%) patients suffered from
complications, the most common of which was nosocomial pneumonia, which resulted in longer ICU and
hospital stays. Eleven patients exhibited progression in Cole severity: 8.6% at stage 1, 57.1% at stage 2, and
34.3% cases were at stage 3. Mortality rate was 19% with the proportion increasing with Cole severity.
CONCLUSION
We describe the presentation and course of patients admitted for tetanus in our institution. Most cases
were males and all cases had no vaccination history. Trismus was the most common presenting symptom.
Metronidazole was the antibiotic of choice and benzodiazepines were the mainstay for spasm control.
Majority of cases were mild to moderate in severity on presentation. Advanced disease stages were
associated with higher fatality rates. Complications were associated with longer ICU and hospital stay.
These findings suggest that prevention of progression of disease severity and complications must be the
focus of tetanus protocols to shorten hospital stay and decrease mortality rate. Promoting vaccination of
at-risk adults is recommended to lower the incidence of tetanus.
Tetanus
;
Clostridium tetani
;
Clostridium Infections
4.High-level expression of the Hcc domain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A in Escherichia coli and its immunogenicity as an antigen.
Yun-Zhou YU ; Zhi-Wei SUN ; Shuang WANG ; Wei-Yuan YU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2007;23(5):812-817
A completely synthetic gene encoding the He domain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (AHc, 1287 bp, 429 aa, -50 kD) was constructed with oligonucleotides. After expressed in Escherichia coli, soluble product AHc was gained and verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The expressive level of recombinant AHc in E. coli was very high (36%-53% of soluble total proteins) and the purified yield was more than 30 mg/L by one-step purification. Then, the purified AHc was used to vaccinate Balb/c mice, which developed a strong and specific immune response as expected following administration of AHe protein via the subcutaneous route. Results from BoNT/A neutralization assay showed that the serum from mice vaccinated with AHc contained high titer protective antibody. These results showed that the soluble, stable and high-levelly expressive AHc not only could be produced by the prokaryotic expression system built in our lab, but also owned strong immunogenicity to prepare antitoxin for treatment and as sub-unit candidate vaccine for prophylaxis against botulinum toxin serotype A.
Animals
;
Antibodies, Bacterial
;
blood
;
Bacterial Vaccines
;
genetics
;
immunology
;
Botulinum Toxins, Type A
;
biosynthesis
;
genetics
;
immunology
;
Botulism
;
immunology
;
prevention & control
;
Clostridium botulinum type A
;
genetics
;
immunology
;
Escherichia coli
;
genetics
;
metabolism
;
Female
;
Lymphocyte Activation
;
Mice
;
Mice, Inbred BALB C
;
Recombinant Proteins
;
biosynthesis
;
genetics
;
immunology
;
T-Lymphocytes
;
immunology
;
Vaccines, DNA
;
genetics
;
immunology
5.Clostridium tertium Bacteremia in a Non-neutropenic Patient with Small Bowel Obstruction.
Nam Su KU ; Hae Sun CHUNG ; Jae Gil LEE ; Sun Bean KIM ; Sang Hoon HAN ; Jun Yong CHOI ; Kyungwon LEE ; June Myung KIM
Infection and Chemotherapy 2011;43(4):355-358
Clostridium tertium-induced bacteremia is a rare condition seen predominantly in neutropenic patients and/or patients with gastrointestinal disease. In this report, we describe a non-neutropenic, 72-year-old patient with a small bowel obstruction who presented with C. tertium bacteremia. Clostridium tertium is aerotolerant and resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The aerotolerant nature of C. tertium is resulted in delayed identification and reporting since it is not initially considered a candidate for infection.
Aged
;
Bacteremia
;
Cephalosporins
;
Clostridium
;
Clostridium tertium
;
Gastrointestinal Diseases
;
Humans
6.The First Outbreak of Botulism in Korea.
Gyung Tae CHUNG ; Do Hyun KANG ; Cheon Kwon YOO ; Jong Hyun CHOI ; Won Keun SEONG
Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2003;6(2):160-163
Botulism is a rare neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins of Clostridium species. A ten-year-old girl and her mother were admitted to a hospital with symptoms of progressive dizziness, blurred vision, slurred speech, constipation and difficulty in swallowing. These characteristic manifestations and clinical course prompted an examination of the possibility of botulism. Mouse bioassay performed with mother's stool demonstrated type A botulinum toxin and culture of the mother's stool was positive for Clostridium botulinum type A. This is the first case of botulism in Korea.
Animals
;
Biological Assay
;
Botulinum Toxins
;
Botulism*
;
Clostridium
;
Clostridium botulinum
;
Clostridium botulinum type A
;
Constipation
;
Deglutition
;
Dizziness
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Korea*
;
Mice
;
Mothers
;
Neurotoxins
7.New Treatment Option for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection.
Intestinal Research 2013;11(2):149-150
No abstract available.
Clostridium
;
Clostridium difficile
8.Review of clinical and laboratory features of patients to determinethe significance of increased isolation of clostridium difficile.
Chung Hyun NAM ; Yunsop CHONG ; Oh Hun KWON ; Samuel Y LEE
Korean Journal of Clinical Pathology 1991;11(2):445-452
No abstract available.
Clostridium difficile*
;
Clostridium*
;
Humans
10.Clinical significance of clostridium difficile isolated from stoolsof inpatients.
Korean Journal of Clinical Pathology 1991;11(1):117-124
No abstract available.
Clostridium difficile*
;
Clostridium*
;
Humans
;
Inpatients*