No abstract available.
Chimerism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells

No abstract available.
Chimerism ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Chimerism* ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Chimerism* ; Hematologic Neoplasms* ; Recurrence*

The microchimerism is a status of the microcell or DNA of an individual in another one with genetic differences. Taking an overall view about the discovery and research of the microchimerism, it was found that although the study of the microchimerism emphasizes the formation, origin, distribution, type, relationship to disease and several other aspects, the objects of the study are always the microchimerism that obtained naturally. As it is known to all, the microchimerism can also be produced in some clinical treatment, such as in the transplant and transfusion, but compared with the microchimerism gained naturally, obviously, the study for the iatrogenic microchimerism formed in the treatment is not elaborate enough. The curative effect of micro transplantation, a new technique for leukemia treatment, is obvious, but its mechanism is unclear, whether that is related to microchimerism still needs further research. This review summarizes the study history and perspective of the microchimerism so as to provide some ideas for studying the action mechanism of microchimerism in micro transplantation.
Chimerism ; DNA ; genetics ; Humans ; Transplantation Chimera

Chimerism ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Liver Transplantation

Blood transfusion is a newly recognized cause of microchimerism, it seems to be common in severe traumatic injuries. In this review, the frequency, cause and prevention of transfusion-associated microchimerism (TA-MC), its current progress of knowledge and unanswered questions were summarized. In addition, the pregnancy-associated microchimerism and transplantation-associated microchimerism were discussed in this review.
Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; Chimerism ; Humans ; Transplantation Chimera

The development of immunosuprressants has had a significant influence on inhibition of acute allograft rejection. However, long-term graft survival has not been achieved by immunosuppressants, probably because of their nonspecific suppression of T cell activity and nonimmune side effects. The ideal way to overcome the limitations of current immunosuppressants is to induce allograft-specific immune tolerance. Transplant immunologists are exerting their efforts in achieving transplantation tolerance using four different approaches; costimulatory blockade, mixed hematopoietic chimerism, T cell depletion, and regulation by regulatory T cells. It is expected that transplantation tolerance will soon be established as a standard immunosuppressive regimen with little side effects in preventing and reversing allograft rejection.
Allografts ; Chimerism ; Graft Survival ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Transplantation Tolerance*

The development of immunosuprressants has had a significant contribution to inhibition of acute allograft rejection. However, long-term graft survival has not been realized by immunosuppressants, probably because of their nonspecific suppression of T cell activity and nonimmune side effects. The ideal way to overcome the limitations of current immunosuppressants is to induce allograft-specific immune tolerance. Transplant immunologists are exerting their efforts in achieving transplantation tolerance using three different approaches; mixed hematopoietic chimerism, costimulatory blockade, and regulation by regulatory T cells. It is expected that transplantation tolerance will soon be established as a standard immunosuppressive regimen with little side effects in preventing and reversing allograft rejection.
Allografts* ; Chimerism ; Graft Survival ; Immune Tolerance* ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Transplantation Tolerance

BACKGROUND: Several methods have been used to evaluate the engraftment and to monitor residual disease after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Among them, karyotyping have been useful in gauging engraftment following opposite sex BMT. More recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has also been applied to determine engraftment and residual status. In order to establish the utility of this method in clinical practice, we have evaluated the data from FISH and several methods. METHODS: We performed FISH using chromosome X alpha-satellite probe (Oncor , USA) on twenty eight peripheral blood and nine bone marrow nuclear cells from eleven patients who underwent sex mis-matched transplant and from a patient who had a loss of X chromosome. RESULTS: In nine patients with well engrafted BMT, signals of host cells showed less than 5% in all patients, evaluated 21-210 days post-transplant. Mixed chimerism was detected in six patients; transiently in early post-transplant period in four, in a patient with engraftment failure, and in a patient with relapse, respectively. CONCLUSION: FISH using X probe is a rapid, quantitative and sensitive 'interphase cytogenetic method' for the evaluation of engraftment and monitoring of residual disease following sex mis-matched BMT or BMT in a patient with a loss of X chromosome; It is especially useful in early post-transplant period when ony a few cells are available during severe cytopenia.
Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Chimerism ; Cytogenetics ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Karyotyping ; Recurrence ; X Chromosome