1.2020 POGS report on obstetrical and gynecological indicators of health care
Annette M. Macayaon ; Maria Antonia E. Habana ; Helen R. Amorin ; Antoinette U. Anonuevo ; Jennifer C. del Prado ; Ina S. Irabon ; Angelito D. L. Magno ; Ma. Luisa T. Mangubat
Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022;46(1):29-37
Background:
The POGS committee on nationwide statistics uses an electronic census platform called the POGS nationwide statistics system (PNSS) to collect the statistical data on obstetric and gynecologic health indicators.
Objectives:
The article aims to present 2020 data gathered and compare these with the 2019 census. Obstetrical and gynecological indicators of health care and preliminary data on COVID-19 cases are reported.
Methodology:
This cross-sectional study reports the data generated from the submissions of POGS-accredited hospitals from January to December 2020, through the PNSS.
Results:
The number of accredited hospitals that submitted their census with 100% compliance is 94%. There was a total of 329,972 number of cases reported, 92% were obstetric cases. Live birth rate was the highest in the National Capital Region at 33.5%, with the highest age-specific birth rate in the 25–29 age group. Most live births were term pregnancies. Adolescent birth rate was 6.45 per 1000 women. Cesarean section rate, stillbirth rate, neonatal mortality rate, and perinatal mortality rate were higher than 2019. The maternal mortality ratio was 121.6 per 100,000 live births. There were 2,858 cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection. There were 26,164 gynecologic admissions, with the most common diagnosis being abnormal uterine bleeding. The most common gynecologic procedures performed were hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, medical management, and blood transfusion. Majority of the deaths from gynecologic cases had gynecologic malignancies and among these, cervical cancer (19%) had the greatest number of deaths.
Conclusion
Obstetric and gynecologic admissions are lower compared to last year. A deterioration in obstetrical indications can be seen and explanations for this occurrence must be explored further. Preliminary data on COVID-19 cases was likewise presented. Timely and accurate statistics will help us define the areas we need to improve on, as well as the unmet needs of our patients.
Censuses
2.The Analysis of Covariance of Do(province) Population Variability.
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 1973;6(1):77-80
The Mechanism for sorting out the covariance effect is known as the covariance analysis. The sorting out of regression and correlation effect is an obvious application of the covariance analysis. The result of Do population by age groups (15 age interval) from 1966 census and from, 1970 Census has been applied to analyzing covariabiltiy by the analysis of covariance. The results are as follows. The significance of the regression of 1970 population on 1966 population is assured as F=116.5. There is a significant difference between mean of each age groups(F=88.1). There is very little evidence of significant heterogeneity of regression between age group. (F=0.72).
Censuses
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Humans
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Population Characteristics
3.The Relationship between Cerebrovascular Mortality and Community Health Indicators in Gangwon-do.
Journal of Agricultural Medicine & Community Health 2009;34(1):1-12
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize the community health indicators affecting standardized mortality rate of cerebrovascular diseases(CVD) and to identify the relationship between CVD mortality and community health indicators in Gangwon-do. METHODS: The community health indicators included material deprivation index, medical resource, rates of road pavement and local tax. CVD mortality and the material deprivation index were calculated in the registered death data and the 2000 census which were obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office. The community health indicators were measured using 2001 statistical year book of Ganwon-do. Data were analyzed by using Excel 2003, SAS 9.1. CVD mortality and material deprivation index were visualized by Arcview 9.1. RESULTS: CVD mortality varied by region and sex in Gangwon-do. The highest CVD mortality in male and female were noted at Goseong-gun, the lowest CVD mortality in male was at Yangyang-gun as it of female at Pyeongchang-gun. In Taebaek city where material deprivation index was also the highest; in Pyeongchang-gun was the lowest. Also the higher material deprivation index in some regions was the higher CVD mortality was. CVD mortality was not related with community health indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the regional difference of mortality of CVD among counties and cities in Gangwon-do. It is recommended that other community health indicators besides material deprivation index, road pavement rate, medical resources and local tax affecting CVD mortality need to be considered to improve the preventive strategies.
Censuses
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Phenothiazines
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Taxes
4.Spectrum of CNS infections in the Philippines.
Rene B. Punsalan ; Aida Salonga ; Esteban Pasol ; Marcelino Ostrea ; Pia Banico ; Paul Pasco ; Teresita Rabanal ; Ma. Antonia Valencia
Philippine Journal of Neurology 2020;23(1):25-32
The CNS Infection Censuses for 2011 and 2012 from 9 neurology training programs in 7 institutions in the
Philippines were collated to determine the types of CNS infections seen in the country and their relative
frequencies. A comparison with a similar survey done in 1999 was made. A total of 1629 cases of CNS
infections were recorded. There were 23 categories. Bacterial meningitis (34.3%) and TB meningitis
(30.7%) were the top two infections, constituting more than half of all CNS infections seen. When the adult
and pediatric census were separated, TB meningitis came up to be the most common infection in adults
(43%) with bacterial meningitis a poor second at 19.4%. The reverse is seen in the pediatric population –
bacterial meningitis (41.7%) vs. TB meningitis (24.6%). Cryptococcal meningitis was more frequent in the
adult census (8.1%) compared with the pediatric census (0.1%). These patterns were seen in a similar
census done in 1999. A significant increase in relative frequency in cryptococcal cases was seen in the later
census (2.8% vs. 2.0%), the increase being due to the marked increase in the adult group (8.1% vs. 4.3%),
probably due to the upward trend in the incidence of HIV cases in the country. No increase in this category
was seen in the pediatric population. The benefits of collaboration among institutions in coming up with a
large number of cases of CNS infections and a greater variety to study was highlighted. The study was
conducted by the CNS Infection Council of the Philippine Neurological Association.
Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections
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Censuses
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Philippines
5.Nurse Staffing Levels and Proportion of Hospitals and Clinics Meeting the Legal Standard for Nurse Staffing for 1996~2013.
Sung Hyun CHO ; Ji Yun LEE ; Kyung Ja JUNE ; Kyung Jin HONG ; Yunmi KIM
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2016;22(3):209-219
PURPOSE: To analyze the proportion of medical institutions meeting the legal standard for nurse staffing. METHODS: Data collected from 29,282 institutions between 1996 and 2013 were analyzed. Nurse staffing was measured as daily patient census per registered nurse (RN). The standard for general hospitals, hospitals, and clinics is 2.5 or less, and that for long-term care hospitals is 6.0 or less of the daily patient census per RN. Clinics may substitute nursing assistants for RNs by 50% or 100% depending on their daily inpatient census; long-term care hospitals may substitute nursing assistants for RNs by two thirds of the required number of RNs. RESULTS: The proportion of general hospitals, hospitals, clinics, and long-term care hospitals meeting the standards was 63%, 19%, 63%, and 94%, respectively, in 2013. While general hospitals had an increase in the proportion during the 1996-2013 period, small changes were found in hospitals and clinics. In 2013, nurses were estimated to care for 16 (interquartile range: 12~24) patients per shift in general hospitals. Three quarters of clinics had no RNs in 2013. CONCLUSION: Many medical institutions did not meet the legally mandated minimum staffing level. The government must implement policy actions for all medical institutions to meet the legal standards.
Censuses
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Hospitals, General
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Humans
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Inpatients
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Long-Term Care
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Nurses
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Nursing
6.The Relationships of Occupational Class, Educational Level and Deprivation with Mortality in Korea.
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2002;35(1):76-82
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships of occupational class, educational level and deprivation with mortality in Korea. METHODS: This study used existing South Korean national data on occupation, educational level, and deprivation and death. Mortality was investigated using registered death data from 1993 to 1997 obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office (NSO) with denominators drawn from the 1995 Census. Statistical analysis consisted of poisson regression modeling and multilevel analysis. RESULTS: The lower occupational class (manual workers) group had a higher mortality rate than the higher occupational class (non-manual workers) group. Educational level, and deprivation were both inversely related withand mortality. Occupation was strongly associated with education. Area-based deprivation indicators and individual indices for social class made an independent contribution to the mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggests that the relationships of occupational class, educational level and deprivation with mortality appears to be stronger in Korea than in European countries.
Censuses
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Education
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Korea*
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Mortality*
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Multilevel Analysis
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Occupations
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Social Class
7.The study to estimate the floating population in Seoul, Korea
Geon Woo LEE ; Yong Jin LEE ; Youngeun KIM ; Seung Han HONG ; Soohwaun KIM ; Jeong Soo KIM ; Jong Tae LEE ; Dong Chun SHIN ; Youngwook LIM
Environmental Health and Toxicology 2017;32(1):2017010-
Traffic-related pollutants have been reported to increase the morbidity of respiratory diseases. In order to apply management policies related to motor vehicles, studies of the floating population living in cities are important. The rate of metro rail transit system use by passengers residing in Seoul is about 54% of total public transportation use. Through the rate of metro use, the people-flow ratios in each administrative area were calculated. By applying a people-flow ratio based on the official census count, the floating population in 25 regions was calculated. The reduced level of deaths among the floating population in 14 regions having the roadside monitoring station was calculated as assuming a 20% reduction of mobile emission based on the policy. The hourly floating population size was calculated by applying the hourly population ratio to the regional population size as specified in the official census count. The number of people moving from 5 a.m. to next day 1 a.m. could not be precisely calculated when the population size was applied, but no issue was observed that would trigger a sizable shift in the rate of population change. The three patterns of increase, decrease, and no change of population in work hours were analyzed. When the concentration of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter was reduced by 20%, the number of excess deaths varied according to the difference of the floating population. The effective establishment of directions to manage the pollutants in cities should be carried out by considering the floating population. Although the number of people using the metro system is only an estimate, this disadvantage was supplemented by calculating inflow and outflow ratio of metro users per time in the total floating population in each region. Especially, 54% of metro usage in public transport causes high reliability in application.
Censuses
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Korea
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Motor Vehicles
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Particulate Matter
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Population Density
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Seoul
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Transportation
8.Factor Structure of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire in the Korean General Adult Population.
Jong Ik PARK ; Young Ju KIM ; Maeng Je CHO
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2012;51(4):178-184
OBJECTIVES: The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) has been used extensively in a variety of settings across countries. The objectives of this study were to test the factor structure and internal consistency of the GHQ-12 in the Korean general population and to test relationships among the scales, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the EuroQoL-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D). METHODS: Data were acquired from a sample of 6,510 Koreans, aged 18 to 64 years old, who were randomly selected based on the 2005 census (2,581 men and 3,929 women). Participants completed the GHQ-12, the CES-D, and the EQ-5D. Exploratory factor analysis was performed for extraction of factor structures of the GHQ-12. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for assessment of internal consistency. Finally, correlation analysis was performed for assessment of the relationships among the three instruments. RESULTS: Results of principal axis factoring with oblique rotation solution showed that the GHQ-12 was a measure of psychological distress with a two-factor structure that jointly accounted for 38% of the variance. The internal consistency of the GHQ-12 was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.79). Concurrent validity indicated a significant positive correlation with the CES-D (r=0.68, p<0.01) and a significant negative correlation with the EQ-5D(r=-0.36, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Findings of this study demonstrated that the Korean version of the GHQ-12 has a two-factor structure and is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for measurement of psychological distress in Korean adults.
Adult
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Aged
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Axis, Cervical Vertebra
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Censuses
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Depression
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Factor Analysis, Statistical
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Humans
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Male
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Surveys and Questionnaires
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Weights and Measures
9.Evaluation and Estimation of the Provincial Infant Mortality Rate in China's Sixth Census.
Song Bo HU ; Fang WANG ; Chuan Hua YU ;
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015;28(6):410-420
OBJECTIVETo assess the data quality and estimate the provincial infant mortality rate (1q0) from China's sixth census.
METHODSA log-quadratic model is applied to under-fifteen data. We analyze and compare the average relative errors (AREs) for 1q0 between the estimated and reported values using the leave-one-out cross-validation method.
RESULTSFor the sixth census, the AREs are more than 100% for almost all provinces. The estimated average 1q0 level for 31 provinces is 12.3‰ for males and 10.7‰ for females.
CONCLUSIONThe data for the provincial 1q0 from China's sixth census have a serious data quality problem. The actual levels of 1q0 for each province are significantly higher than the reported values.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Censuses ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Male ; Young Adult
10.Factors Associated with Dental Revenue and Income of Self-Employed Dentist by Using a Quantile Regression Method.
Health Policy and Management 2015;25(3):240-251
BACKGROUND: Dentist's income is quite variable. We investigate the factors underlying the distribution of dental revenue and dentist income. METHODS: Financial and structural variables of private dental practices(N=13,967) were examined with 2010 Economic Census microdata which include non-insurance revenue. We conducted quantile regression method(QRM) and ordinary least square(OLS) in treating skewness and heteroskedasticity of distributions. The effective estimation for the upper and lower range of distribution becomes possible by QRM. RESULTS: Mid-career dentists are shown to have higher revenue and income. Male dentists achieve the higher revenue and income than female dentists in all quantiles. Group practices show lower income per owner than solo practices significantly. The revenue and income are increased with increasing size of clinics. The high cost in renting the clinic office is found to have a big positive effect on the revenue but a little positive effect on the income. Interestingly the density of dentists shows negative effect on the lowest quantile of the revenue but positive effect on the highest quantile. The lowest quantile of the revenue in the capital areas have the relatively high revenue. The lowest quantile of the income in metropolitan city show higher income than those in other areas significantly. CONCLUSION: The suggested QRM is shown to have more effective and efficient tool in finding out determinants of dentists' revenue and income of our concern. The results of this study are expected to be employed for dentists preparing for the opening practices in their organizational settings and locational selections. The distributional efficiency of dental human resources could be accomplished if policy makers guide dentists with this knowledge.
Administrative Personnel
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Censuses
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Dentists*
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Female
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Group Practice
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Humans
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Male
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Private Practice