No abstract available.
Butterflies

The fracture of the humerus during arm wrestling are uncommon, but may occur in the shaft or medial condyle. In the shaft of humerus, the fractures are usually spiral and between the middle and distal third, with or without neurological involvement. A case of a comminuted spiral fracture with butterfly fragment of the distal third of the humerus is reported which had occurred during arm wrestling and was treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The possible mechanism of injury and the question of treatment are discussed.
Arm ; Butterflies ; Humerus ; Wrestling

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In caloric test, the CP (canal paresis) value was derived from Jongkees formula. The input parameters of the formula were initially nystagmus duration (seconds), which were replaced later with more stable parameters : slow component velocity (SCV, deg/sec). The nystagmus duration cannot be negative value, but SCV can be, especially in acute vestibular loss with excessive spontaneous nystagmus (SN) which is not overcome by caloric nystagmus. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of negative SCV, to check proper processing of negative SCV values in nystagmography software, and to consider the mathematical significance of CP and negative SCV values. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Tests with negative SCV values were examined in 690 alternate binaural bithermal caloric tests (open loop system). RESULTS: Nine percents (62 of 690 tests) showed negative SCV values. The reported CP was erroneously calculated from debased zero SCV values instead of negative SCV values. The underestimated CP (mean 52.1%, SD 21.8%) can be corrected (mean 80.9%, SD 21.8%) by recalculations with negative SCV values. CONCLUSION: To produce correct CP values in caloric tests, negative values should be properly processed about the SCV value of caloric nystagmus with opposite direction of physiologic response. The mathematical significance of CP was horizontal coordinate of intersection point of the warm line (LW-RW) and cold line (LC-RC) in butterfly pattern calorigram. Detailed description is presented in figures.
Butterflies ; Caloric Tests ; Nystagmus, Physiologic

No abstract available.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry* ; Adolescent* ; Butterflies* ; Child* ; Humans

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is characterized by recurrent crops of pruritic, erythematous plaques studded with follicular papules and pustules that often form annular configurations. The distribution is usually asymmetric. A 27-year-old Korean man had atypical clinical findings with a butterfly rash-like symmetric erythema on the face without any papules or pustules and brownish patches with follicular papules on the back, which was diagnosed as EPF by histopathologic findings.
Adult ; Butterflies* ; Eosinophils* ; Erythema ; Exanthema* ; Folliculitis* ; Humans

This study analyzed the factors causing the angular deformity as the tibia fracture below isthmus were treated with interlocking nails. For this purpose, we observed 70 cases of tibia fractures in the Gil General Hospital as subjects. Of the 70 cases under the treatment, 32(45.7%) showed the angulation of over one degree, and 11(15.7%) showed that of 5-10 degrees in any plane. According to the outcomes of this studies, the degree of angulation seemed to have close relation to the length of fracture line. Also, if the fracture line reached to the isthmus, angulation was apt to be caused. Even though most angulated cases had concomitant fibular fracture, fibular fracture, itself, seemed to have no direct relation to angulation. In consequence, the intramedullary interlocking nailing needs special carefulness in the case of breakage of cortical buttress such as long fracture line, butterfly fragment and fracture including isthmus.
Butterflies ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Hospitals, General ; Tibia*

PURPOSE: During interlocking nailing the displaced butterfly fragments can be left in situ or reduced by opening the fracture site. The purpose of this study is to investigate the fate of the displaced comminuted butterfly fragments when left unreduced and factors that influences fracture union in comminuted femoral fracture after closed interlocking nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 95 closed interlocking nailings done for fractured femur from July 1990 to July 1993, 43 femoral fractures that had comminuted fragments larger than 1 cm were followed for more than 18 months postoperatively, The correlations between the size of the comminuted fragments, its distance from the femoral shaft, the angulation of the fragment, the gap of the main fracture sites and bone union were analyzed. RESULTS: The distance between the fragment and the femoral shaft and angulation spontaneously decreased gradually, even the fractures having inverted fragments were united uneventfully, and the union rate of the fractures with gap less than 3 mm was higher than those with gap greater than 3 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The displaced fragment need not be reduced by open method and minimizing the fracture gap is recommended in increasing the union rate.
Butterflies ; Femoral Fractures* ; Femur ; Fractures, Comminuted

We report two cases of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma with tuberous sclerosis who had skin lesions like butterfly shaped adenoma sebaceum on face, shagreen patch on back, leaf-shaped hypopigmented spot on both extremities, mental retardation, and seizure, which they are treated unilateral simple nephrectomy and selective arterial embolization, each other.
Angiomyolipoma* ; Butterflies ; Extremities ; Intellectual Disability ; Nephrectomy ; Seizures ; Skin ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

PURPOSE: This was a retrospective study to evaluate the results of intramedullary nailing in proximal shaft fracture of tibia. We analyzed those results according to AO classification and Poller screw. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three proximal tibial shaft fractures (32 patients) were followed for more than one year. In AO classification, there were 6 cases of type A, 14 cases of type B, and 13 cases of type C. We used Poller screws in 14 operations. We evaluated translation, angulation and nonunion after surgeries. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases (85%) were united primarily, but nonunions occurred in 5 cases. Malalignment (angulation>5degree or translation>5 mm) was found in 14 cases (42%). In Poller screw used and non-used groups, the malalignment was respectively showed in 2 cases (14%) and 12 cases (63%). According to AO classification, nonunion was found in only type B with 5 cases (36%). CONCLUSION: Intramedullary nailing of proximal shaft fracture of tibia showed relatively lower rate of primary union. Especially, when initial fractures have a butterfly fragment, it showed the higher rate of nonunion. Moreover, the malalignment rate was relatively higher, yet it is possible to reduce the rate of malalignment by using Poller screw.
Butterflies ; Classification* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia*

PURPOSE: We are reporting the result of comminuted midshaft fractures of clavicle treated by reconstruction plate fixation and PDS augmentation easily fixing butterfly fragments with minimal soft tissue dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 42 cases of operatively treated displaced comminuted midshaft fractures of clavicle at our hospital from March, 2001 to May 2004 whom were followed up for more than one year after the operation. According to Robinson classification, we grouped simple fractures as group A, and comminuted fractures as group B. Internal fixation using reconstruction plate has been chosen for type A fracture. Type B has been treated by reconstruction plate fixation with PDS augmentations. Shoulder function, union time and complications has been studied according to the fracture type retrospectively. RESULTS: All cases had complete bone union with average union time of 8.6 weeks for type A and 8.9 weeks for type B. Weitzman functional evaluation did not show significant differences. CONCLUSION: PDS augmentation in comminuted midshaft fracture of clavicle easily fix the butterfly fragments with least soft tissue damage and lessen the bone graft. Therefore it considered to be one of the available treatment methods for comminuted midshaft fracture of clavicle.
Butterflies ; Classification ; Clavicle* ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Sutures* ; Transplants