1.Assessment of Bronchodilator Responsiveness after Methacholine-Induced Bronchoconstriction.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 2011;3(4):215-216
No abstract available.
Bronchoconstriction
2.The Usefulness of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Test in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction.
Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease 2011;21(2):71-73
No abstract available.
Bronchoconstriction
;
Nitric Oxide
3.Pharmacologic Treatment of Childhood Asthma.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2007;50(12):1130-1135
The goal of asthma treatment is to achieve and maintain clinical asthma control state and normal or near-normal lung function. Medications to treat asthma can be classified as controllers and relievers. Controller medications are taken daily on a long-term basis to keep asthma under clinical control, and reliever medications are used on an as-needed basis, which act quickly to reverse bronchoconstriction and relieve the asthma symptoms. Inhaled therapy is the cornerstone of asthma treatment for children of all ages, but the choice of medication should be individualized for each patient. The choice of medication should include consideration of the efficacy of drug delivery, cost, safety, ease of use, convenience, and documentation of its use in the patient's age group.
Asthma*
;
Bronchoconstriction
;
Child
;
Humans
;
Lung
4.Exercise induced delayed bronchoconstriction in children with asthma.
Eun Jin CHOI ; Hyo Kung SHIN ; Un Ki YOON ; Ji Sub OH
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1992;35(6):769-775
No abstract available.
Asthma*
;
Asthma, Exercise-Induced
;
Bronchoconstriction*
;
Child*
;
Humans
5.Inhibitory Effects of Cough Reflex Induced from Fentanyl According to the Dose of Propofol.
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1999;36(4):595-598
BACKGROUND: Bronchodilation effect of propofol was known that it could prevent bronchoconstriction induced by fentanyl administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the dosage of propofol that inhibited cough reflex induced from fentanyl. METHODS: One hundred twenty patients were randomly allocated to four groups: Group 1 (n=30, fentanyl 3 microgram/kg), Group 2 (n=30, propofol 0.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 3 microgram/kg), Group 3 (n=30, propofol 1 mg/kg, fentanyl 3 microgram/kg), Group 4 (n=30, propofol 2 mg/kg, fentanyl 3 microgram/kg). Patients in Group 1 were injected fentanyl within a second. Other patients groups were injected fentanyl two minutes after administration of propofol dosage, respectively. We checked cough response, oxygen desaturation and chest wall rigidity. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of cough response between Group 1 and 2. But, the incidence of Group 3 and 4 was significantly lower than in Group 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol of clinical doses for anesthetic induction inhibit cough reflex induced from fentanyl.
Bronchoconstriction
;
Cough*
;
Fentanyl*
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Oxygen
;
Propofol*
;
Reflex*
;
Thoracic Wall
6.Correlation of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction to PC20 and Maximal AirwayNarrowing on the Dose-Response Curve to Methacholine.
Hyung Suk LIM ; Kyung Ae YOON ; Young Yull KOH
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 1995;42(2):165-174
BACKGROUND: Exercise is one of the most common precipitants of acute asthma encountered in clinical practice. The development of airflow limitation that occurs several minutes after vigorous exercise, i. g. exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB), has been shown to be closely correlated with the nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which is the hallmark of bronchial asthma. All previous reports that assessed the correlation of EIB to nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness have focused on airway sensitivity(PC20) to inhaled bronchoconstrictor such as methacholine or histamine. However, maximal airway narrowing(MAN), reflecting the extent to which the airways can narrow, when being exposed to high dose of inhaled stimuli, has not been studied in relation to the degree of EIB. METHODS: Fifty-six children with mild asthma(41 boys and 15 girls), aged 6 to 15 years(mean +/- SD, 9.9 +/- 2.5 years) completed this study. Subjects attended the laboratory on two consecutive days. Each subject performed the high-dose methacholine inhalation test at 4 p.m. on the first day. The dose-response curves were characterized by their position(PC20) and MAN, which was defined as maximal response plateau(MRP: when two or three data points of the highest concentrations fell within a 5% response range) or the last of the data points(when a plateau could not be measured). On the next day, exercise challenge, free running outdoors for ten minutes, was performed at 9 a.m.. FEV1 was measured at graduated intervals, 3 to 10 minutes apart, until 60 minutes after exercise. Response(the maximal DeltaFEV1 from the pre-exercise value) was classified arbitrarily into three groups; no response ((-) EIB: DeltaFEV1 <10%), equivocal response ((+/-)EIB:10% < DeltaFEV1, <20%) and definite response((+) EIB: DeltaFEV1 >20%). RESULTS: 1) When geometric mean PC20 of the three groups were compared, PC20 of (+) EIB group was significantly lower than that of (-)EIB group. 2) There was a close correlation between PC20 and the severity of EIB in the whole group(r= -0.568, p<0.01). 3) Of the total 56 subjects, MRP could be measured in 36 subjects, and the MRP of these subjects correlated fairly with the severity of EIB(r= 0.355, p<0.05) 4) The MAN of (+) EIB group was significantly higher than that of (-)EIB group(p<0.01). 5) The MAN correlated well with the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=0.546, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The degree of MAN as well as bronchial sensitivity (PC2o) to methacholine is correlated well with the severity of EIB. The results suggest that the two main components of airway hyperresponsiveness may be equally important determinants of exercise reactivity, although the mechanism may be different from each other. The present study also provides further evidence that EIB is a manifestation of the increased airway reactivity characteristic of bronchial asthma.
Asthma
;
Bronchoconstriction*
;
Child
;
Histamine
;
Humans
;
Inhalation
;
Methacholine Chloride*
;
Running
7.The Effect of Spacer on the Bronchodilator Response in the First Medical Examination of Old Age.
Yang Deok LEE ; Sung Kyun SIN ; Yong Seon CHO ; Min Soo HAN
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society 2004;8(4):228-232
BACKGROUNDS: When measuring lung function and response to bronchodilator, MDI(metered-dose inhaler) is commonly used but unfamiliarity of its use and cold sensation by the puffed gas decrease reliability of the result. Spacer can reduce the cold freon effect and undesired oropharyngeal deposition caused by the rapid evaporation of the propellant and there are many studies which showed more effectiveness of spacer on the treatment of children with asthma but no study whether it is effective on the bronchodilator response test in the first medical examination of old age. Therefore, we tested whether the use of spacer can reduce the cold freon effect and improve the bronchodilator response in the first medical examination of old age. METHODS: Two hundred of elderly patients( 65years) who had never used MDI were measured the bronchodilator response. Subjects were randomised to either spacer-user or spacer-nonuser. Twenty minutes after 400 g fenoterol was administered, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) was measured. Bronchoconstriction was defined as a decrease in FEV1 by 10% or greater after bronchodilator inhalation. We further devided each group into normal or obstructive group, obstructive group was defined as FEV1<80% of predicted and FEV1/FVC<70%. RESULTS: In normal group, spacer-user(n=83) showed greater bronchodilator response than spacer-nonuser(n=66), 6.43% vs 3.81% respectively(p<0.05) and two case of bronchoconstriction occured only in spacer-nonuser. In obstructive group, there is no significant difference in bronchodilator response between spacer-user(n=18) and spacer-nonuser(n=33), 12.32% vs 11.16% respectively(p>0.05) but brochoconstriction(n=1) occured only in spacer-nonuser. CONCLUSION: Spacer improved bronchodilator response and prevented bronchoconstriction, in the first medical examination of old age.
Aged
;
Asthma
;
Bronchoconstriction
;
Child
;
Chlorofluorocarbons
;
Fenoterol
;
Humans
;
Inhalation
;
Lung
;
Sensation
8.Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction.
Korean Journal of Medicine 2011;81(6):720-722
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is defined as transient, reversible bronchoconstriction that develops after strenuous exercise. If exercise is the only identified trigger for bronchoconstriction, it is called EIB. However, when it is associated with known asthma, then it is defined as EIB with asthma. The role of atopy in the pathogenesis of EIB has not been determined. In this issue of the journal, Kim et al. reported that atopy was a risk factor for EIB in young adult male patients, and sensitization to house dust mites was associated with EIB. This report shed a new light on the pathogenesis of EIB. However, additional large and confirmatory studies should be required to determine the possible association between atopy and EIB.
Asthma
;
Bronchoconstriction
;
Humans
;
Light
;
Male
;
Pyroglyphidae
;
Risk Factors
;
Young Adult
9.Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction.
Korean Journal of Medicine 2011;81(6):720-722
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is defined as transient, reversible bronchoconstriction that develops after strenuous exercise. If exercise is the only identified trigger for bronchoconstriction, it is called EIB. However, when it is associated with known asthma, then it is defined as EIB with asthma. The role of atopy in the pathogenesis of EIB has not been determined. In this issue of the journal, Kim et al. reported that atopy was a risk factor for EIB in young adult male patients, and sensitization to house dust mites was associated with EIB. This report shed a new light on the pathogenesis of EIB. However, additional large and confirmatory studies should be required to determine the possible association between atopy and EIB.
Asthma
;
Bronchoconstriction
;
Humans
;
Light
;
Male
;
Pyroglyphidae
;
Risk Factors
;
Young Adult
10.Arterial Oxygen Desaturation after Salbutamol Nebulization in Wheezy Infants and Children.
Eun Sun YOO ; Jung Wan SEO ; Seung Joo LEE
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1996;39(7):953-961
PURPOSE: Nebulized selective beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists have been widely used in acute asthma and selectively in acute bronchiolitis. However, nebulized salbutamol have been reported to cause arterial oxygen desaturation in some of the acute bronchiolitis and severe asthma patients. This may be the results of a paradoxical bronchoconstriction linked to acidic and hyper-osmolar nebulized salbutamol solution and etc. We assessed the changes in arterial oxygen saturation by percutaneous pulse oxymeter during and after nebulization of salbutamol solution and compared the effect of 100% oxygen with the compressed air as a driving gas. METHODS: This study was performed in 80 mild to moderate wheezy children(bronchiolitis 51, asthma 29) who were admitted to Pediatrics department of of EWHA from January 1992 to October 1993. The study children are randomly assigned to be nebulized by compressed air or 6l/min of 100% oxygen as a driving gas. The arterial oxygen saturation, wheeze score, retraction score, and heart rate were recorded before nebulization, post-nebulization, 5, 10, 15 and 30minutes. RESULTS: 1) Arterial oxygen saturation decreased significantly at post-nebulization five minutes only in bronchiolitis, treated with salbutamol nebulization without oxygen(p<0.01). Salbutamol nebulization, with oxygen (6l/min) has not changed arterial oxygen saturation both in bronchiolitis and asthma(p>0.05). 2) Wheeze score decreased significantly at post-nebulization 5-30minutes in asthma but not in bronchiolitis whether nebulized salbutamol with or without oxygen(p<0.05). 3) Retraction score increased significantly at post-nebulization 0-5minutes or unchanged in bronchiolitis but significantly decreased in asthma at 10-30minutes(p<0.05). 4) There were no significant change in heart rate and respiratory rate in both groups(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant fall in arterial oxygen saturation was noted only in bronchiolitis treated with salbutamol nebulization without oxygen. In bronchiolitis, oxygen (6l/min) is better than compressed air as a driving gas during salbutamol nebulization to prevent hypoxemia.
Albuterol*
;
Anoxia
;
Asthma
;
Bronchiolitis
;
Bronchoconstriction
;
Child*
;
Compressed Air
;
Heart Rate
;
Humans
;
Infant*
;
Oxygen*
;
Pediatrics
;
Respiratory Rate