No abstract available.
Bronchi*

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to assess the resting volume of the modified bronchial cuff of left-sided double-lumen bronchial tubes (DLT) and to determine the maximum range of the mainstem bronchial diameter indicated for DLT. METHODS: Left-sided DLTs (Broncho-Cath(R)) of 35-41 Fr (n = 5 each) were used for the study. The cuff was inflated with air in 0.5-ml increments to a volume of 5 ml and the corresponding cuff pressure was recorded. The smallest cuff volume, beyond which a 0.5 ml increase resulted in more than 10 mm Hg increase in cuff pressure, was considered to be the resting volume of that cuff. The resting volume was also calculated by differentiation on the fitted curve. The minimum required bronchial diameter was considered to be the reported OD of the bronchial tube and the maximum diameter was the measured OD of the bronchial cuff at a cuff pressure of 30 mmHg, which was measured with a precision caliper (0.1 mm intervals) at the midcuff level. RESULTS: The resting volume of the bronchial cuff, measured both traditionally and using the curve fitting analysis, were comparable. A DLT of any size > or = 35 Fr can be used for a bronchus with a diameter of 10.7-20.6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: There were extensive overlaps in the range of bronchial diameters indicated for each DLT size. Contrary to a common belief, the upper limits of the bronchial diameters indicated for all the DLTs > or = 35 Fr seemed to be the same regardless of the DLT size.
Bronchi*

Multi-detector row CT (MDCT) provides faster speed, longer coverage in conjunction with thin slices, improved spatial resolution, and ability to produce high quality multiplanar and three-dimensional (3D) images. MDCT has revolutionized the non-invasive evaluation of the central airways. Simultaneous display of axial, multiplanar, and 3D images raises precision and accuracy of the radiologic diagnosis of central airway diseases. This article introduces central airway imaging with MDCT emphasizing on the emerging role of multiplanar and 3D reconstruction.
Bronchi ; Diagnosis

No abstract available.
Bronchi* ; Rupture*

Ninety five pairs of lungs obtained from individuals (Filipinos) with ages ranging from 17 to 85 years, of both sexes, were dissected to demonstrate the patterns of bronchial branching. The lobar bronchi were followed as far as their tertiary subdivisions. The segmental bronchi were identified on the basis of the surface area ventilated or supplied, and were named following the terminology introduced by Jackson and Huber The average frequencies of the different modes of division of the lobar bronchi giving rise to the segmental bronchi were obtained by combining the results reported in the studies of Dualan and the data gathered in this study RIGHT LUNG: The right upper lobe bronchus divided by trifurcation in 20 of the cases: and, by bifurcation in 26 of the cases. The middle lobe bronchus divided by bifurcation into the lateral-medial pattern in 81.5 of the cases; and, the lateral or medial segmental bronchus was given off from either the upper or lower stem bronchus in 10.5 of the cases. The lower lobe bronchus gave as its first branch, the superior basal segmental bronchus, in 78 of the cases; and, it is given off from the middle lobe bronchus in 12 of the cases. The medial basal segmental bronchus is given off at the same level but separately with 2 or 3 other basal bronchi in 44 of the cases; and, it is given off from a bifurcation of a common trunk with one of the basal bronchi in 31 of the cases. The anterior basal segmental bronchus is given off at the same level but separately with 2 or 3 other basal bronchi in 46.5 of the cases; and, it arises from a bifurcation with one of the basal bronchi in 38 of the cases. The lateral basal segmental bronchus is given off at the same level but separately with 2 or 3 other basal bronchi in 47.5 of the cases; and, it arises from a bifurcation of a common trunk with one of the basal bronchi in 40 of the cases. The posterior basal segmental bronchus arises in conjunction with the lateral basal bronchus from a bifurcation of a common trunk in 59 of the cases; and, it is given off at the same level but separately with 2 or three other basal bronchi in 16 of the cases LEFT LUNG: The Upper Lobe Bronchus - Upper Division: - This bronchus divides by bifurcation in 56 of the cases; divides by trifurcation in 34 of the cases; and, occured as the "Split" type in 7.5 of the cases. Lower Division; this bronchus divides by bifurcation into the superior and inferior branch in 82 of the cases; and, divides by trifurcation in 8 of the cases. The Lower Lobe Bronchus: - this bronchus gave as its first branch, the superior basal segmental bronchus, in 75 of the cases; and, originated from any of the basal bronchi in 2 of the cases. The subsuperior segmental bronchus (including the accessory subsuperior bronchus) is given off as a single trunk from the basal stem bronchus in 19 of the cases; and, the occurrence of an accessory subsuperior bronchus in 12 of the cases. The basal stem bronchus, divides by trifurcation in 25 of the cases; and, by bifurcation in 28 of the cases. It undergoes an irregular pattern of branching in 56 of the cases. The antero-medial basal segmental bronchus is given off from a common trunk arising from the basal trunk in 54 of the cases; and, the anterior and medial basal segmental bronchi are given off separately in 6 of the cases. The lateral basal segmental bronchus is given off from a common trunk with the posterior basal segmental bronchus in 41 of the cases; and, arises from a trifurcation with two other basal bronchi separately in 34 of the cases. The posterior basal segmental bronchus is given off from a common trunk with the lateral basal segmental bronchus in 42 of the cases; and, it arises from a trifurcation with two other basal bronchi in 38 of the cases. (Summary)

No abstract available.
Bronchi* ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid*

No abstract available.
Bronchi* ; Ethanol* ; Humans

A optical endoscope has disadvantages; giving pain and not applying to a postoperative patient. If it substitutes for a virtual endoscope, noninvasive observation can be gained. This paper describes a developed viewer, using Visual C++ 6.0 and Openlnventor2.5.2 (object-oriented 3D toolkit) library, for the manipulation of 3D anatomy object model. It is named Anatomy Viewer. The viewer is implemented under the PC environment. It can rotate, zoom in and out, and fly through anatomy models on 3D space and translate into a interested area, and then save as a TGA image file like a real endoscope. Also, as it is improved in the network, we exchange data and discuss with someone who is in the other place. This viewer is very useful to understand the anatomy structure, to diagnose, and to make a surgical plan in preoperative step. We verified its usefulness by observing a 3D bronchus model that is reconstructed with CT image slices.
Bronchi ; Diptera ; Endoscopes* ; Humans

We report very rare case of concurrent bronchial atresia and bronchogenic cyst. Morphologic apical segment of right upper lobe directly stemmed from right main bronchus. Bronchogenic cyst was communicating with atretic segmental bronchus and both were filled with mucus. The etiology is not well known, however it is likely that a single insult arround the 5th~6th week causes both malformations.
Bronchi ; Bronchogenic Cyst* ; Mucus

Endobronchial lipomas are rare lesions that usually obstruct a major bronchus and cause irreversible pulmonary damage distally. Herein, a case of an endobronchial lipoma combined with broncholithiasis, found 3 months after first noticing symptoms including dry cough, and voice change, successfully removed by surgical resection is reported
Bronchi ; Cough ; Lipoma* ; Voice