1.The bacteriology and mycology of corneal ulcer.
Journal of the Philippine Medical Association 0000;():0-
The role of predisposing factors in the causation of corneal infection cannot be overemphasized. Noteworthy are the corneal traumatas and local ocular conditions which are either ignored by the patients or are inadequately managedUntreated corneal ulcers are predominantly bacterial (95 percent) while the treated cases are more fungal (61 percent) in etiology. The role of previously considered non-pathogenic organisms in corneal ulcerations should be recognizedFor the purpose of isolating the etiologic organism, specimens for microbiologic studies should be taken from the corneal lesion and should include the advancing borders of the ulcer. A sterile Bard-Parker knife is most efficient for removing the specimen. Conjunctival materials are insufficient for the purpose. When the organism isolated by smear and culture is questionable, a corneal biopsy is indicated especially in mycotic casesCorneal ulcers are generally treated arbitrarily with a variety of topical antibiotic preparations without prior culture and sensitivity studies because either the laboratory facilities are not available or the procedures are costly to the patients. Without such data, management of the infection becomes a matter of shifting from one antibiotic preparation to anotherFailure of the infection to respond favorably to medical treatment is due mainly to either that the drug is given inadequate dosage or it is naturally ineffective against the causative organismPrevention is still the best management of corneal ulcer. This is so because even adequate therapy does not prevent the development of corneal scarring that causes visual impairment. Prophylactic antibiotics, not steroids, must always be given immediately following corneal injuries and the treatment should be closely supervised. Existing local ocular conditions that may be complicated with corneal ulceration should be correctedEffective therapy of corneal ulcers should not only eradicate the infection but also prevent or minimize the degree of corneal scarring and the attendant complications that make corneal transplantation an extremely unrewarding procedure. For medical treatment to be effective, identification of the causative organism and the proper antibiotics is necessary. The drugs must be administered in sufficiently high concentrations topically and by episcleral (sub-Tenons) injection. Treatment and the course of the infection should be closely observed. (Conclusions)
Mycology, Bacteriology
2.Bacteriology and some factors influencing to V.A children in maternal preschool institutions and kindergartens at Hanoi suburban districts, year 2001
Journal of Practical Medicine 2003;439(1):42-46
96 under 6-year-old children in Tu Liem and Gia Lam districts Hanoi were diagnosed as tracheal V.A. V.A children with pathogene bacteria make up a high rate, especially in the age 4-6. The common pathogene microorganisms in V.A children are H.influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S.pyogenes and S.aureus, among them the most common are H. influenza and S. pneumonia. A high rate of bacterial strains was sensitive experimentally to antibiotics, especially to norfloxacin. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, bactrim, chloramphenicol and erthromycine was reported. Most VA children are living in the house holds using charcoal, petroleum for cooking, and living with smoker parents
Child
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Bacteria
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Bacteriology
3.Bacteriology of the biliary tract.
Byoung Seon RHOE ; Sung Sang MOON ; Nam Cheon CHO ; Kwang Soo YOON ; Dae Sung KIM ; Kyung Won LEE
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society 1992;43(3):364-370
No abstract available.
Bacteriology*
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Biliary Tract*
4.Bacteriological examination of soft drinks.
Journal of the Philippine Medical Association 0000;():0-
1. The bacteriological examinations of 1,967 samples of soft drinks which were made in our laboratory, are presented in this report. The 14 different kinds of soft drinks are enumerated2. Seventy-five and fifteen hundredth per cent (75.15%) of the beverages had a colony count of 0-10; 19.06% , 11-100; 2.64%, 101-50,000 and 3.15% over 50,0003. If 50,000 standard colony-count was adopted, as it was adopted in this country for soft drinks, only 3.15% of our soft drinks may be considered of suspicious sanitary quality4. If 100 colony count was adopted,5.79% of our soft drinks would be considered of doubtful sanitary source5. Based on our colony counts of soft drinks, we are of the opinion that even 10 colony counts may be adopted as the standard for our soft drinks of good sanitary quality, but not to exceed a colony count of 100 as has been suggested abroad6. Out of 1,967 samples of soft drinkds, 47 or 2.35% were found positive of coliform organism. Five kinds of soft drinks were found positive for coliform organism. Forty-six and eighty-one hundredth per cent (46.81%) of the coliform organisms were detected in sarsaparilla; 17.02% in orange; 19.15% in lemonade; 14.89% in strawberry; and 2.13% in cream soda. We failed to isolate coliform organisms in the other kinds of beverages. There was a definite correlation of colony count and the pressence of coliform organism. With the colony of 0-10, the incidence of coliform organism was 4.26%; 11-100, 17.02%; 101-50,000, 21.28% and over 50,000, 57.44%7. The incidences of coliform organisms in the different kinds of soft drinks were: sarsaparilla, 2.78%; orange, 1.19%; lemonade, 3.20%;strawberry, 14.58%; and cream soda, 4.34%. Because of the limited samples of strawberry and cream soda which were examined, we felt that the incidence of positive coliform organisms in them could not be regarded as having any significance8. The following may be suggested as bacteriological standard for soft drinks in this countrya. A colony count of not more than 10 colonies per cubic centimeter of high sanitary quality, but not to exceed 100 coloniesb. Coliform organisms should be negative. (Summary and conclusions)
Bacteriological Techniques, Bacteriology, Beverages
5.The bacteriological examination of oysters with special reference to the isolation of ebertherlla typhi.
Journal of the Philippine Medical Association 0000;():0-
1. Late and non-lactose fermenters, excluding the chromogenic organisms, isolated from 146 samples of oysters for a period of one year are here reported2. We failed to isolate Eberthella typhi from any of the samples we examined3. In one instance a member of the Shigella group (Shigella flexneri) was identified4. Members of the vibrio group presenting the biological characteristics of cholera vibrio were frequently encountered. Serologically, however, they differed from Vibrio cholera. These organisms are similar to those vibrio found by Garcia and Schobl and Rosario-Ramirez in waters of the city of Manila. These findings should be taken into consideration in the bacteriological examination of oysters and other sea foods in time of cholera epidemics.(Summary and Conclusions)
Oysters, Bacteriology, Bacteriological Techniques
7.Bacteriological study of diabetic foot infections
Khairul Azmi ABD KADIR ; Muppidi SATYAVANI ; Ketan PANDE
Brunei International Medical Journal 2012;8(1):19-26
Introduction: Foot infections are one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and a significant risk factor for lower extremity amputation. Providing effective antimicrobial therapy is an important component in treating these infections. This study assesses the microbial isolates of patients with diabetic foot infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 75 patients with diabetic foot infections admitted to RIPAS hospital between June 2008 and June 2010 was undertaken. Bacteriological specimens were obtained and processed using standard hospital procedure for microbiological culture and sensitivity testing. Results: Overall, 40 (54%) patients had subcutaneous infections, 22 (29%) had infected superficial ulcers, seven (9%) had infected deep ulcers involving muscle tissues and six (8%) had osteomyelitis. A total of 98 pathogens were isolated. Forty percent of the patients had polymicrobial infection, 39 (52%) had single organism and 6(8%) had no growth. Gram-negative bacteria (67%) were more commonly isolated than gram-positive bacteria (30%). The three most frequently found gram-negative organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.3%), and Acinetobacter spp. (10.2%) and gram-positive organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (10.2%), Streptococcus pyogenes (7.1%) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] (7.1%). Vancomycin was found to be the most effective against gram-positive bacteria while amikacin was the most effective against gram-negative bacteria based on antibiotic testing. Conclusion: In 40% of diabetic feet infection was polymicrobial. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common gram-positive and gram-negative organisms respectively. This study helps us to choose the empirical antibiotics for cases of diabetic foot infections.
Diabetic Complications
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Diabetic Foot
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Microbiology
;
Bacteriology
8.Spectrum of endoscopic findings among patients referred for colonoscopy in RIPAS Hospital
Vui Heng CHONG ; Steven TAN ; Anand JALIHAL
Brunei International Medical Journal 2012;8(1):27-33
Introduction: Colonoscopy is an investigation for the evaluation of lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Just like any other conditions, it is important to be aware of the spectrum of findings so that appropriate referral and decisions can be made. Materials and Methods: Patients (mean age 52.3 ± 15.3 years old with almost equal proportion of genders) referred for colonoscopy in RIPAS Hospital over a five year period (January 2003 to December 2007) were retrospectively identified and studied. Results: The most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding per rectum (22.9%), followed by evaluation of abdominal pain (18.6%), anaemia (11.7%), colorectal cancer screening (11.7%), evaluation of constipation (5.9%) and altered bowel habits (3.8%). A large proportion (58.4%) colonoscopy was normal. The most common positive finding was haemorrhoids (30.3%), majority of which were categorised as grade I. This was followed by colonic polyps (17.6%), diverticular disease (12.1%), non-specific colitis (4.0%), colorectal cancers (4.0%) and ulcers (3.6%), melanosis coli (0.4%) and telangiectasia (0.1%). Colorectal cancer was most common among the Malays (4.4%), followed by the Chinese (4.0%), the indigenous (2.8%) and the others (1.2%). Conclusions: Our study showed that the most common indication was for the evaluation of bleeding per rectum. Majority had normal colonoscopy and the most common positive finding was haemorrhoids. Importantly colorectal neoplasms accounted for one fifth of procedures with colorectal cancers accounting for four percent.
Diabetic Complications
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Diabetic Foot
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Microbiology
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Bacteriology
9.Asymptomatic Prostatitis.
Korean Journal of Urology 1970;11(4):251-254
From 128 young men who had no subjective symptoms during recent six months, prostatic secretions were collected on two slide glasses it each. Both slide glasses were examined microscopically for cytology. One of them was stained with Sternheimer and Malbin method for cytology and the other was stained with Gramts method for bacteriology. But no cultures were done, The results were as follows: Microscopic findings : Of 128 prostatic secretions examined microscopically, 73.4 per cent showed less than 10 W.B.C. per H.P.F. (normal); 12.5 per cent 11~20 W.B.C. per H.P.F. (grade 1); 7. 8 per cent 21~30 W.B.C per H.P.F.(grade 2); 3. 9 per cent 31~50 W.B.C. per H.P.F.(grade 3) and 2. 4 per cent more than 51 W.B,C. per H.P.F.(grade 4). Bacteriology: Regardless of microscopic findings microorganisms were found in 61.7 per cent of 128 prostatic secretions. Among the found microorganisms, Gram negative rod was the most common, and Gram positive coccus, Gram positive rod and Gram negative coccus followed in that order. There appeared no relation between the microscopic findings and the present of microorganisms.
Bacteriology
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Eyeglasses
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Glass
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Prostatitis*
10.Microscopic Examination and Bacterial Culture of the Prostatic Secretion of Chronic Prostatitis: Its Diagnostic Significance.
In Chul CHANG ; Choong Sung CHUN
Korean Journal of Urology 1983;24(1):103-108
This is the report of 75 cases of chronic prostatitis, confirmed by microscopic examination of the 3 glass test of urine and the prostatic secretion and bacterial culture of the prostatic secretion, who visited Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital from 1 December 1980 to 30 June 1981. The results were as follows: 1. The result of microscopic examination of the 3 glass test of urine revealed that the first and second glass urine were within normal limit (over 90%), but on the third glass urine, 69 cases (92.0%)showed WBC more than 10/HPF. 2. Microscopic examination of the prostatic secretion showed WBC more than 10/HPF in 69 cases (92.0%)and second glass in 6 cases (8.0%)showed normal findings, but many bacteria were isolated on bacterial culture of the prostatic secretion. The positive findings of prostatic secretion culture were noticed in 63 cases (84.0%). Microorganism was not grown in culture of 12 cases (16.0%), which was shown over WBC 10/HPF on microscopic examination of the prostatic secretion. Therefore, if chronic prostatitis is suspected, both methods should be used in combination because many bacteria could be detected in bacterial culture even when no inflammatory findings were shown in the microscopic examination of the prostatic secretion. In diagnosis of chronic prostatitis, the combined use of the microscopic examination and bacterial culture of the prostatic secretion were more significant than urinalysis alone.
Bacteria
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Bacteriology
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Diagnosis
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Glass
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Prostatitis*
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Urinalysis
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Urology