Autophagy is an active research area in the biomedical field as its role has been identified in many physiological and pathological processes. Accordingly, there is a growing demand to identify, quantify and manipulate the process accurately. Meanwhile, there is great interest in identifying compounds that modulate autophagy because they may have applications in the treatment of a variety of autophagy-related diseases. In this review, we summarize the current status of autophagy screening systems to facilitate identification of autophagy modulators.
Autophagy ; Humans

No abstract available.
Autophagy* ; Neuralgia*

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular self-digestion pathway, by which intracellular damaged proteins or organelles are delivered to lysosomes for degradation, so as to protect from various dangerous stimuli and maintain cellular homeostasis. Inflammation is a defensive response to injury or pathogens, through which various inflammatory mediators coordinate host defense and repair. However, uncontrolled inflammatory responses can lead to secondary damage and pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. Recent studies indicate that autophagy pathway and related proteins may play important roles in regulating immune response and controlling excessive inflammation. This review introduced research progress in the role of autophagy in regulating excessive inflammation and possible mechanisms.
Autophagy ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation

Autophagy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; physiopathology

The role of autophagy is known to be highly complex and context-dependent, and may be characterized as both tumor suppression and tumor promotion in some tumors, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer. This review outlines recent advances in the studies of the involvement of autophagy in the development, progression and treatment of prostate cancer, focusing on autophagy modulation during androgen deprivation, with a special discussion on the regulatory effect of androgens on the autophagy of prostate cancer cells. A critical evaluation and analysis of the studies suggests that autophagy inhibition combined with androgen deprivation therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of prostate cancer.
Autophagy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms

Atherosclerosis ; Autophagy ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans

Autophagy is an important homeostatic cellular recycling mechanism responsible for degrading injured or dysfunctional subcellular organelles and proteins in all living cells. The process of autophagy can be divided into three relatively independent steps: the initiation of phagophore, the formation of autophagosome and the maturation/degradation stage. Different morphological characteristics and molecular marker changes can be observed at these stages. Morphological approaches are useful to produce novel knowledge that would not be achieved through other experimental methods. Here we summarize the morphological methods in monitoring autophagy, the principles in data interpretation and the cautions that should be considered in the study of autophagy.
Autophagy ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Organelles ; Phagosomes

Autophagy is a major topic of discussion in recent years, and is a physiological process of eukaryotic cells under metabolic stress as hunger, hypoxia, and drug treatment to gain energy by its degradation, and is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of hematologic malignancies. At present, the results of study on the relationship between autophagy and hematologic malignancies has been found to be indistinct and contradictory. The appropriate treatment should inhibit the growth of tumor cells selectively and meanwhile have no damage to normal cells. So how to choose the target strategies plays an important role in the autophagy related treatment for hematologic malignancies. This article summarizes the occurrence and development of autophagy, the relationship between autophagy and hematologic malignancies, as well as the possible mechanism of autophagy in hematologic malignancies.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans

Autophagy ; Child ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases

Autophagy ; Humans ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury