OBJECTIVETo scrutinize the immunohistochemical spectrum to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC) in the liver.

METHODSSeven antibodies including AFP, Hep Par 1, CK18, CK19, CA19-9, CD34 and pCEA were immunohistochemically stained in resected specimens of 300 HCC, 35 ICC and 30 MAC. The specificity and sensitivity of the antibodies were evaluated by comprehensive capability score (CCS), with only those with CCS > or = 8 considered as having highly diagnostic value.

RESULTSAntibodies CCS > or = 8 were observed as Hep Par 1 and CD34 in HCC, and CK19 in ICC, but none in MAC. For HCC, CCS of Hep Par 1 was higher than that of AFP (9 vs. 7) with 83.7% in sensitivity and 96.7% in specificity.

CONCLUSIONFor HCC, Hep Par 1 and CD34 can be used as the first line antibodies, AFP and pCEA as the second line ones. CK19 is the first line antibody for ICC, and CA19-9 as the second. Hep Par 1, CD34 and CK19 are definitely helpful for the routine immunohistochemical stain to differentiate HCC from ICC and MAC.

Adenocarcinoma ; chemistry ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in tumor lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) and explore the regulatory factors of LVD. METHODS: Complete clinicopathological data were collected form a total of 301 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, including 28 (9.3%) with AIS, 86 (28.6%) with MIA, and 187 (62.1%) with IA. The LVD of all the adenocarcinomas were calculated after D2-40 immunohistochemical staining, and MT1-MMP and VEGF-C expression levels were also evaluated. The differences in LVD among the groups and the correlations of tumor LVD with the expressions of MT1-MMP and VEGF-C and the clinicopathological factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The LVD differed significantly among AIS, MIA, and IA groups (= 0.000). The LVDs was significantly correlated with the level of VEGF-C protein expression (=0.917, =0.009), tumor size (= 0.686, =0.017), lymph node metastasis (=0.739, =0.000), and clinical stage (=0.874, =0.012) of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Tumor lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in lung adenocarcinoma progression, and VEGF-C may promote this process.
Adenocarcinoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; chemistry ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; chemistry ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Tumor Burden ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of beta-catenin and its significance in colorectal neoplasms.

METHODSTissue specimens of normal colorectal mucosa, mucosa adjacent to carcinoma, colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma were examined for beta-catenin with immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSBeta-catenin was mainly expressed in the cytomembrane of normal mucosa and mucosa adjacent to cancer (the positive rates were 94.6% and 86.5%, respectively) and also in the cytoplasm (the positive rates were 38.7% and 55.0%, respectively), while its expression was negative in the cell nucleus. In adenoma and adenocarcinoma, beta-catenin was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm (the positive rates were 85.1%,and 93.7%, respectively) and partially in the cell nucleus (the positive rates were 12.8% and 23.4%, respectively). Compared with normal mucosa and mucosa adjacent to cancer, the expression of beta- catenin in the cytomembrane of adenoma and adenocarcinoma was significantly lower (P<0.05), while its expression in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus of adenoma and adenocarcinoma was significantly higher (P<0.05). The positive rates of cytoplasm in highly-and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than that in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (the positive rates were 100%, 95.5% and 68.8%, respectively). Beta-catenin expression rate in cytoplasm was correlated with Dukes'stages of adenocarcinoma, which was significantly lower in stage A than in stage B/C.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of beta-catenin is significantly correlated with differentiation and Dukes'stages of colorectal carcinoma and it can be used as an indicator for the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Adenoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Cytoplasm ; chemistry ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis ; Trans-Activators ; analysis ; beta Catenin

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the standards of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) interpretation in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC).

METHODSHER2 expression in 60 cases of IMPC was evaluated by IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using TMA-based techniques. The characteristics between cases with HER2 IHC and HER2 gene amplification results were compared.

RESULTSUsing 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologist (ASCO/CAP) criteria, among the 52 cases that were successfully stained by IHC, 40 were HER2 IHC negative and 12 were equivocal (2+). Fifteen cases of HER2 IHC 0 were negative for amplification by FISH. Twenty-five cases with IHC 1+ were tested by FISH; and of these, one showed HER2 amplification, 2 were equivocal, and the others were not amplified. All cases of IHC 2+ showed HER2 amplification by FISH. IHC staining of HER2 was located at cell-cell membrane or basolateral membrane of micropapillary structure, but not in the cytoplasmic membrane facing the stroma in all 13 cases which were HER2 amplified, including 12 showing very strong staining and one showing moderate staining. Among the 37 non amplified HER2 cases, 22 showed IHC staining at cell-cell membrane or basolateral membrane (including 15 weak staining and 7 moderate staining).

CONCLUSIONSHER2 IHC detection in IMPC is characterized by staining at cell-cell membrane or basolateral membrane of the micropapillary structure, and absence of staining in the cytoplasmic membrane. It is suggested that interpretation of HER2 IHC staining should be based on membrane staining intensity, but not the completeness of the membrane staining in IMPC. It is suggested to determine the HER2 gene amplification status by using FISH when IHC staining shows moderate or strong intensity.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; chemistry ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis

To assess the value of DNA ploidy, flow cytometric analysis was performed on unfixed fresh materials obtained from 86 patients with gastric cancer who underwent stomach resection. We evaluated the DNA content of gastric carcinoma cells from four different sites and compared it with Ki-67 proliferating activity, and other pathologic parameters. The incidence of aneuploid and diploid was similar (48.8% vs. 51.1%). Early gastric carcinoma showed a higher rate of the diploid pattern (75%) compared to that of advanced gastric carcinoma 7.3%). DNA diploidy was noted increasingly in diffuse-type tumors according to uren, in signet ring cell type tumor according to WHO classification and in orly differentiated tumors (p<0.05). Well and moderately differentiated rcinomas revealed the aneuploid pattern more frequently than poorly fferentiated tumors. The aneuploidy was associated with high S phase fraction d high proliferative index. Aneuploidy was noted in the mucosa adjacent to the mor (26%), in the close normal-looking mucosa (7%) and in the remote rmal-looking mucosa (3%). This result suggest the possible role of field ncerization in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/genetics* ; Adenocarcinoma/chemistry ; Aged ; Aneuploidy* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology ; Human ; Ki-67 Antigen/analysis ; Male ; Middle Age ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics* ; Stomach Neoplasms/chemistry

The proliferation potentials and the level of apoptosis were compared in paired primary colorectal adenocarcinomas and their liver metastases within each individual. From a total of 22 patients 44 specimens of paired primary and metastatic tumors were obtained for analysis. The levels of spontaneous apoptosis (a spontaneous apoptosis index, SAI: % apoptotic nuclei among a total of 1000 nuclei) and of proliferation (KI-67 index: % positively stained cells for KI-67 among a total of 1000 cells) were analyzed between primary and metastatic tumors. Survival rates and its relationship with the clinical parameters were also analyzed. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 16.9% with the median survival time of 45 months. T-stage (p=0.005) and time to liver metastasis (synchronous versus metachronous, p=0.03) showed statistical significance in relation to survival. The mean SAI of primary tumors was 1.35 +/- 0.25, which was not statistically different from the 1.58 +/- 0.18 of metastatic tumors (p=0.33). The mean KI-67 indices in primary and metastatic tumors were 23.9 +/- 3.4 and 16.4 +/- 2.5, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.016). Subset analysis showed significant difference in the KI-67 index in the synchronous group but not in the metachronous group. No significant difference was shown in the relative ratios of apoptosis to proliferation between the primary tumor and the metastasis within each individual. The results in this study may partly explain the indolent behavior of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer and provides a rationale for the active treatment of metastatic tumors as well as of primary disease.
Adenocarcinoma/chemistry/*secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Division ; Colorectal Neoplasms/chemistry/*pathology ; Female ; Human ; Liver Neoplasms/chemistry/*secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The high SNR (Signal-to-Noise) spectra from 20 cases of gastric carcinoma and normal mucosa were obtained by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Consistent spectral features were observed at different sites of one tissue slice for both typical tissues. Raman spectra of normal gastric mucosa shows two peaks which are assigned to amide I vibration of proteins in 1640-1670(cm(-1)) spectral region. However, in gastric carcinoma, only one peak of amino I vibrational mode of proteins can be observed. The obviously different spectral characters of the two types of tissues are in accordance to clinicopathologic diagnosis. The result shows Raman spectroscopy might be a potential method in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; chemistry ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Stomach Neoplasms ; chemistry ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule(ALCAM) protein in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma, and the relationship between ALCAM expression and clinicopathological features of prostatic carcinoma.

METHODSALCAM protein expression was evaluated in the tissues of 41 human prostatic carcinomas by using immunohistochemistry (EnVision method).

RESULTSALCAM was widely expressed in prostatic epithelia. Overexpression of ALCAM was found in most prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias and low-grade cancers, whereas a decreased expression shown in some high-grade cancers. The ALCAM protein expression in prostatic carcinoma was correlated with pathological grading. However, no correlation of ALCAM expression was found with preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen levels or clinical stages.

CONCLUSIONExpression of ALCAM is disturbed in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma, indicating its involvement in the development of human prostatic carcinoma.

Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule ; analysis ; Adenocarcinoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; chemistry ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the anti-tumor active constituents from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, and purified by Sephadex LH-20 columu chromafography and reverse-phase preparative, HPLC. The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. The anti-tumor experiment in vitro, the MTT, was used to screen constituents of P. polyphalla var. yunnanensis.

RESULTSix compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->4) -beta-D-glycopyranoside (1), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabino-furanosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glycopyranoside (2), isorhamn etin-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside (3), ethyl-alpha-D-fructofuranoside (4), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (5) and pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (6).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 3 and 4 was firstly isolated from genus Paris, compound 5 was firstly isolated from the rhizome of this plant. The pharmacological results showed that compounds 1-3, 5 and 6 showed certain inhibition, especially, the activities of compound 5 and 6 were the most significant.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising new approach for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to detect the effects of SDT on the cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell SPCA-1, using Chlorin e6 as a sonosensitizing agent activated by ultrasound.

METHODSSPCA-1 and normal peripheral mononuclear cell (PMNC) were treated with ultrasound or Chlorin e6 alone and combined. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and cell morphology was studied by inverted microscope after 6 h treated.

RESULTS1.0 MHz ultrasound (1.0 W/ cm(2)-2.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) and Chlorin e6 (0.4 mg/mL-3.2 mg/mL) inhibited the cell proliferation of both SPCA-1 and PMNC cells in a intensity- and a dose-dependent manner respectively. Compared with the ultrasound (1.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) or Chlorin e6 (0.05 mg/mL-0.2 mg/mL) alone, the inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation was remarkably increased by the combination of ultrasound and chlorin e6 in SPCA-1 cells (P < 0.05), but no same effect was observed in PMNC cells (P > 0.05). Compared with the ultrasound (1.0 W/cm2 x 60 s) or chlorin e6 (0.2 mg/mL) alone, the combination treatment of ultrasound with Chlorin e6 induced more necrotic cells in SPCA-1 cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was a significant selectively inhibitory effect of sonodynamic effect with Chlorin e6 on the SPCA-1 cell growth. Chlorin e6 may be a promising sonosensitizing agent for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Porphyrins ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods