1.A Stereotactic Device for Gamma Knife Irradiation to Cell Lines.
Hyun Tai CHUNG ; Jeong Eun KIM ; Dong Gyu KIM ; Hee Won JUNG
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2004;35(6):639-642
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to build a well-plate holder for in vitro gamma knife irradiation to cell lines and to verify its validity. METHODS: A well-plate holder for gamma ray irradiation to cell lines using gamma knife was made of acrylonitrile. Inside the holder, a hexahedral space was excavated to hold well plates. The actual radiation dose to cell lines was obtained by comparing the relative dose of the holder with the gamma knife quality assurance standard phantom. All parameters necessary for cell line irradiation were calculated using the commercial software, Leksell Gamma Plan(R) v5.32. Dose distribution was drawn to six and ninety-six wells to search for optimal parameters for cell line irradiation. RESULTS: The dose rate at the center of the well-plate holder was 94+/-4% of the standard phantom and resulting absolute dose at the central area was 2.1+/-0.1Gy/min. The dose distributions of our phantom was the same as that of the standard phantom in qualitative comparison using an image analyzing software. Appropriate isodose lines which fit with the practical situation were obtained with the 18mm collimator of the Gamma knife. CONCLUSION: Our results show that a well-plate holder for gamma knife irradiation is confident and accurate. It can be used for the study of in vitro cellular effects by gamma knife irradiation in the future.
Acrylonitrile
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Cell Line*
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Gamma Rays
3.Portable gas chromatography for determining airborne acrylonitrile in workplaces.
Jian LIU ; Feng ZHANG ; Bao-li ZHU
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2013;31(10):777-778
OBJECTIVETo establish a method for rapid determination of airborne acrylonitrile using a portable gas chromatograph.
METHODSA single standard sample of acrylonitrile was prepared in a laboratory and sampled by the built-in constant flow pump of the portable gas chromatograph. The sample was then preconcentrated by the preconcentrator, thermally desorbed, separated by capillary columns, and detected by a micro argon ionization detector to determine the retention time. Retention time was then used to perform qualitative analysis. Under the set condition of gas chromatography, the external standard method was used to create a standard curve for quantitative analysis of acrylonitrile.
RESULTSThe linear range of acrylonitrile on the portable gas chromatograph was 0.25 to 3.00 mg/m(3). The regression equation was y = 10(-5) x-0.0275, r = 0.9977. The limit of detection was 0.005 mg/m(3), and the lower limit of quantification was 0.25 mg/m(3). The relative standard deviation was lower than 7.09%, and the degree of accuracy was 91.09-105.54%.
CONCLUSIONPortable gas chromatography is a simple, repeatable, and accurate method for rapid determination of airborne acrylonitrile.
Acrylonitrile ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; instrumentation ; Workplace
8.Study on production of acrylamide by microbial method (II)--enzyme catalytic kinetics and de-active dynamics of nitrile hydratase.
Zhi CHEN ; Xu-Dong SUN ; Yue SHI ; Zhong-Yao SHEN ; Jian-Xun ZHAO ; Xiao-Ying SUN
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2002;18(2):225-230
The hydration reaction by microbial method is the crisis of the procedure of acrylamide production from acrylonitrile. This research studied the enzyme catalytic kinetics and de-active kinetics of nitrile hydratase in the type of free cell. Firstly, the effects of the concentration of cells, the temperature, pH value, the concentration of acrylonitrile and the concentration of acrylamide on the activity of nitrile hydratase was investigated. The result is that the temperature and the concentration of acrylamide are the most important among these factors. The activity of the nitrile hydratase was 5659 u/mL (broth) at 28 degrees C; the counterpart was only 663 u/mL (broth) at 5 degrees C. And the activity of NHase in solution of 45% acrylamide was just about half of that in solution of 5% acrylamide. After study on the relation of temperature and the reaction speed, It was found that the activation energy of the hydration of NHase was 65.57 kJ.mol-1. This paper studied the effects of concentration of cells, temperature, pH value, concentrations of acrylonitrile and acrylamide on the deactivation of Nhase, as well as the related enzyme de-active kinetics. The result also showed that the temperature and the concentration of acrylamide are the most important among these factors. In solution of 35% acrylamide, the residual activity was about 0% of the original value after 55 h; but in solution of 10% acrylamide, after the same period of time, the residual activity was 50% of the original one. It was also found that the concentration of acrylonitrile had little effect on the stability of NHase. The coefficient of deactivation at 28 degrees C was 21.77 times of the one at 5 degrees C. Correlating the temperature and the coefficient of deactivation, the activation energy of the de-active reaction was found to be 92.28 kJ.mol-1.
Acrylamide
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metabolism
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Acrylonitrile
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metabolism
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Catalysis
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Hydro-Lyases
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metabolism
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Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
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Kinetics
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Rhodococcus
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enzymology
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Temperature
9.Application of micronucleus test of buccal mucosal cells in assessing the genetic damage of workers exposed to acrylonitrile.
Wei FAN ; Wei-lan WANG ; Sheng DING ; Yuan-ling ZHOU ; Fu-sheng JIN
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2006;24(2):106-108
OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of micronucleus test of buccal mucosal cells in monitoring the genetic effect of acrylonitrile in the population exposed to the acrylonitrile.
METHODSForty-one healthy male workers in a chemical factory in Shanghai were selected as the low concentration acrylonitrile exposed group while forty-seven healthy male workers in an acrylonitrile factory in Shanghai were selected as the intermediate concentration acrylonitrile exposed group. At the same time, thirty-one male workers who had no toxicant exposure and lived in the same community were selected as the control group. The micronucleus test in buccal mucosal cells and lymphocytes were used respectively for assessing the genetic damage status of these men.
RESULTSThe rate of micronucleus in buccal mucosal cells in both acrylonitrile groups (the low concentration group: 3.68% +/- 2.72%; the intermediate concentration group: 4.00% +/- 2.38%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.03% +/- 2.20%) (P < 0.05). The rate of micronucleus in the intermediate concentration group (4.23% +/- 3.34%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.48% +/- 1.46%) (P < 0.05). There was the correlation between the micronucleus test of buccal mucosal cells and the micronucleus test of the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in the acrylonitrile exposed population (r = 0.299-0.359, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONThe micronucleus test of buccal mucosal cells replacing the micronucleus test of the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood can be used as one of the screening indexes in the surveillance of the genetic damage in the acrylonitrile exposed population.
Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Adult ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective ; chemically induced ; Micronucleus Tests ; Mouth Mucosa ; cytology ; Occupational Exposure
10.The effects of acrylonitrile on cell apoptosis, proliferation and related genes expression of rat normal and tumor glial cells.
Zhen-quan JIAO ; Yun-chang GUO ; Yong XU
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2008;42(6):405-409
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of acrylonitrile (ACN) to cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation and related gene expression of rat normal glial cells (DI TNC1) and tumor glial cells (C6).
METHODSThe concentration of ACN on DI TNC1 and C6 were 25, 50 and 75 microg/ml. For cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis assay, the treated time was 24 hours, for microarray assay, the treated time was 4 and 24 hours.
RESULTSAfter treatment of DI TNC1 cell with 25,50 and 75 microg/ml ACN, the DNA synthesis index were decreased 93.1%, 81.3% and 74.9% as compared to control respectively, the apoptosis index was increased 118%, 122% and 143% as compared to controls respectively. The DNA synthesis and apoptosis indexes of C6 cell showed no change after treatment with ACN. The cell cycle and apoptosis pathway related genes, such as cyclin and p53, also showed changes after treatment with ACN.
CONCLUSIONACN inhibited the cell proliferation of DI TNC1, induced the apoptosis of DI TNC1 and had no effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis of C6 cells, and the related regulation gene expression changes further confirmed the results.
Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression ; Neuroglia ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured