Objective:To evaluate curative impact of booster immunization with paternal lymphocytes on recurrent spontaneous abortors(RSA)with less reaction of primary patermal lymphocyte immunization.Methods:RSA patients with insufficient materno-fetal immuno-recognition were selected by flow cytometry of blocking antibody analysis and immunized with either induced paternal lymphocytes pretreated by IFN-? in vitro to those of anti-CD3-BE and anti-CD4-BE Ab lower than 0% or direct intradermal vaccination with their paternal lymphocytes without IFN-? pretreatment to those of anti-CD3-BE Ab beyond 0%.Reassessment of blocking antibodies was performed at the end of the second immnunization course.Results:Levels of blocking antibodies were significantly raised after the secondary booster immunization in RSA with insufficient materno-fetal immnuno-recognition whose blocking antibodies continuously decreased after being treated by the primary paternal lymphocyte immunization.No improvement of parameters was observed except the blocking effect in patients receiving secondary direct intradermal vaccination treatment.Conclusion:It is necessary for the RSA with insufficient materno-fetal immuno-recognition to experience secondary booster immunization preferably with paternal lymphocytes pretreated by IFN-? in vitro.

Objective To establish a sensitive, rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of amphotericin B (AraB) and itraconazole (ITZ) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was involved in sample preparation in this method, followed by reverse-phase separation under two different chromatographic systems. Results The tinearity for both AraB and ITZ ranged from 5 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL and the inter-day and intra-day RSD were both below 7.6% at the concentrations of 20,50 and 100 ng/mL. Conclusions The method we established has been applied to the therapeutic drug monitoring on cryptococcal-meningitis-infected patients who were given comedication of these two drugs.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of schisandrin B (SchB)on the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of the rats and the influence in HSPA12B/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and to explore the mechanisms.Methods:130 SD rats were divided into sham group,cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model group (model group),low dose of SchB group (SchB 3 mg· kg-1 ,SchB1 group),middle dose of SchB group (SchB 10 mg·kg-1 ,SchB2 group)and high dose of SchB group (SchB 30 mg·kg-1 ,SchB3 group)(n=26).The rats in sham group didn’t plug lines;the rats in model were used to establish ischemia reperfusion models;the rats in SchB1 ,SchB2 and SchB3 groups were firstly pretreated with different doses of SchB for 7 d,and then they were used to build cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury models.The nerve dysfunction of rats was evaluated by neurologic deficit score.The cerebral edema was detected by measuring the content of water in brain tissue.The morphological changes of brain tissue were observed by toluidine blue staining.The levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1 (IL-1)and interleukin-6 (IL-6)in the brain tissue were detected by ELISA.Western blotting method was used to detect the protein expression levels of heat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B ), serine-threonine kinase (Akt ) and phosphorylation serine-threonine kinase (p-AKT ). Results:Compared with sham group,the neurologic deficit score of rats in model group was significantly increased (P <0.01),and the content of water in brain tissue was increased (P < 0.01 );the brain tissue structure was loosened,and the mesenchyme appeared edema;the NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-1,and IL-6 levels were increased (P <0.01),and the expression levels of HSPA12B and p-Akt proteins were decreased (P <0.01).Compared with model group,the neurologic deficit scores of the rats in SchB1 ,SchB2 ,and SchB3 groups were decreased (P <0.01),and the contents of water in brain tissue of the rats in SchB2 and SchB3 groups were decreased (P <0.05);the edema of nerve cells was alleviated,and the cavities were reduced;the NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-1,and IL-6 levels were decreased (P <0.05 or P <0.01),the expression levels of the HSPA12B protein in SchB2 ,and SchB3 groups were increased (P <0.05),and the p-Akt protein expression levels of the rats in SchB1 ,SchB2 ,and SchB3 groups were increased (P <0.01).Conclusion:SchB could protect the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of rats,its mechanism may be related to regulating the HSPA12B/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the inflammatory reaction damage to the nerve cells of reperfusion.

Clinical internship is for bachelor students to learn how to integrate theories in textbooks with clinical practice.Clinical pharmacist training is for pharmacists to obtain and enforce the capability of rational use of drugs.These two are at the different stages of clinical pharmacist cultivation mode.They are different in teaching nature,goal and students' background.The necessity of clinical internship bridged to clinical pharmacist training is discussed in this paper and after the convergence,the teaching design of chnical internship program bridged to the training is characterized by basic education which focuses on basic theories,knowledge and skills of clinical medicine and clinical pharmacy relevant to a certain common disease.The optimized internship program will work as a good foundation for students to face the challenges of clinical pharmacist training after graduation from school.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

OBJECTIVE To study the metallo-?-lactamases of 5 carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates,which were recovered at 2006 in the Third People's Hospital of Yueqing. METHODS K-B method was used to determine the antimicrobial agents susceptibility in 5 isolates. The minimal inhibitive concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents to these strains were determined by agar dilution method. Double disk synergy test was used to detect the metallo-?-lactamase. Molecular screening for blaIMP,blaVIM,and blaSPM was carried out using PCR method. The PCR product was sequenced. RESULTS One out of the 5 carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa was positive for MBL double disk synergy test,and confirmed to contain blaVIM-2 gene. CONCLUSIONS A blaVIM-2-producing isolate of P. aeruginosa is identified. This carbapenem-resistant isolate is all multi-drug resistant.

Objective·To analyze clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric malignancies from a single center of Ruijin Hospital,and provide references for making healthy policy on gastric tumors.Methods·The data sources were from hospital in-patients database including demographic information,family history,clinicopathological information,and census registering information during 2005 to 2014.The demographic data and clinicopathological data were analyzed.Results·The total number was 3 315 cases with gastric malignancies (2 184 male patients and 1 131 female patients).It was about 2 times as high in males as in females.The patient age was between 18 to 98 years old (mean 59.71 years old).Based on pathologic diagnosis,3 122 cases (94.2％) were gastric adenocarcinoma,others were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (5.5％),neuroendocrine tumor (0.2％) and malignant lymphoma (0.1％).Out of patients with gastric carcinoma,about 4.46％ of cases ran in families.Conclusion·Over 94％ cases of gastric malignancies are gastric carcinomas.Specific risk profiles of gastric carcinomas include age,gender and family factors.

Objective To determine the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (MRDWI) combined with squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the evaluation of the efficacy and prognosis of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical carcinoma.Methods A total of 80 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by histology or cytology in our hospital from 2013 to 2016 were included in this study.Of the 80 patients, 39 were FIGO stage ⅡB, 7 were stage ⅢA, 26 were stage ⅢB, and 8 were stage ⅠVA.MRDWI examination and SCC and CEA measurements were first performed for the patients following group assignment, and the patients were then given extrapelvic radiotherapy (45-50 Gy)+platinum-based chemotherapy plus brachytherapy (20-25 Gy) based on their conditions.MRDWI, SCC, and CEA examinations were performed again after treatment to determine the changes in ADC, SCC, and CEA.In addition, ADC, SCC, and CEA were examined in the middle stage of treatment for 40 patients.Data were analyzed using the paired t-test or ANOVA.Results The overall response rate of the 80 patients after concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 100%.No disease progression was identified in any of the patients until the end of treatment, and the overall survival time of the patients was all above 6 months.Serum SCC and CEA were reduced after treatment (P=0.000,0.000), whereas the ADC value was increased after treatment (P=0.000).The increase in ACD following the decreases in SCC and CEA after treatment (P=0.000, 0.000) was indicative of increased efficacy of the concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Conclusions MRDWI combined with SCC and CEA is highly reliable for the evaluation of efficacy and prognosis of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic action of earth enteral nutrition after jejunum interposition in patients with carcinoma of gastric cardia.Methods: Sixty-two patients after jejunum interposition were divided into early enteral nutrition group(n=33) and parenteral alimentation group(n=29).The clinical observation index and nutrition index were compared between the two groups.Results: The enteral nutrition group had more advantages than the parenteral alimentation group in the aspects of clinical observation index postoperative complication and nutrition index.Conclusion: Early enteral nutrition could improve gastrointestinal function and nutritional state and decrease the incidence rate of postoperative complication.

Objective To study the clinical,pathological characteristics and diagnosis of multiple system atrophy(MSA).Methods Among 4 cases of MSA,2 of them were from clinical data,the other 2were frum pathological data.Two cases verified by autopsy were investigated using Hematoxylin-eosi,Kltiver.Barrera and Gallvas-Braak silver staining and confirmed by immunohistochemistry using ubiquitin,α-synuclein staining.Results All 4 patients were male.aged 51-76.Case No.1 wag diagnosed as Parkinson's svndrome.Case No.2 was diagnosed as spinal ataxia cerebella,and the other two eases were diagnosed as MSA.The following changes were found by pathological studies.Macroscopic atrophies were presented in pens and cerebella.as well as putamen,globus pallidus and substantia nigra.Cerebral ventricles were dilated.Neuronal lOSS and gliosis could be seen at cerebral cortex.nigrostriatal.globus pallidus,pontine nuclei,subslantia innominata,inferior olives,doral motor nucleus of vagus,cerebellum antl intermediolateral column of the spinal cord.In the white matter of these regions cytoplasmic inclusions bodies were extensively present in oligodendrocytes.Conclusions Olivopontocerebellar atrophy mainly shows the,clinical symptoms of pens,cerebellum,and autonomic nerves damage;Shy-Drager syndrome presents mainly with the erecting hypotenstion symptom,while striatonigral degeneration mainly involves extrapyramidal system.As these three diseases share the common basic pathological changes,they are preferred to be classified as the subtype of MSA.