Objective To evaluate the differential diagnostic values of combined detection of adenosine de aminase (ADA),carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153),neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) in patients with pleural effusion.Methods Serum and hydrothorax fluid of CEA,CA153,NSE and CA199 in patients with plearal effusion were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay(ECLA),ADA from pleural effusions were measured by enzyme rate assay,and the clinical value of combined detection in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion was evaluated.Results The levels of ADA(65.89±19.81 U/L) in hydrothorax fluid group with tuberculous pleural effusion were beth higher than those in the groups with inflammatory pleural effusion (17.33±16.58) U/L and malignant pleural effusion(27.44±22.64) U/L (q=12.19 and 10.72,P＜0.01).The positive rate of A DA was 82.88% (29/135) in hydrothorax fluid group with tuberculous pleural effusion,13.41% (11/135) in malignant pleural effusion and 11.11% (2/135) in inflammatory pleural effusion (X~2=59.07,P＜0.01).The levels and positive rate of CEA,CA153,NSE,and CA199 in serum and hydrothorax fluid group with malignant pleural effusion were both higher than those in the group with tuberculous pleural effusion (P＜0.05).Compared with the group with malignant pleural effusion,the levels of CA153 and CA199 in serum and the levels and the positive rate of NSE in serum and hydrothorax fluid were not statistically different in inflammatory pleural effusion group.In the 82 cases with malignant pleural effusion,the positive rate of the four kinds of serum tumor markers including CEA,CA153,NSE and CA199 was 74.39% (61/82) and the positive rate of those hydrothorax fluid tumor markers was 82.93% (68/82).Conclusions Combined detection of ADA,CEA,CA153,NSE and CA199 is of some significance to the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.

BackgroundHypoxia and hyperglycemia are the common causes of retinal neovascularization.In these states,H+ accumulates because of the elevated glycolysis and failure of retinal circulation,thus the retinas readily acidified. ObjectiveThe present study was to explore whether retinal acidosis independently regulates the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and whether the regulation is related to oxidative stress.Methods The retinas from 2-week-old male SD rats were cultured with explant method in DMEM modulated by NaHCO3,and culture retinas were randomly divided into pH 7.2,6.8 and 6.5 groups for 24 hours.In addition,after 24 hours of culture as above described,retinas were washed using PBS two times and then followed by again culture in DMEM with pH 7.2 for another 24 hours.Also,antioxidant was added in different pH values of DMEM for culture as above described.The retinal samples were prepared for histopathological examination.The expressions of VEGF and PEDF proteins and their mRNA in retina tissue were detected by Western blot and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively.Results The retina showed the clear structure and morphology in pH 7.2 group and pH 6.8 group,but retinal vacuoles change was seen in pH 6.5 group after culture for 24 hours.No significant difference was seen in the expressing level of VEGF mRNA in retina between normal group and pH 7.2 group( 112％ ±11％ vs 100％ ±7％ ) (P=0.55),but those in pH 6.8 group and pH 6.5 group were significant increased in comparison with pH 7.2 group( 196％ ±43％ vs 100％ ±7％ ;251％ ±29％vs 100％ ±7％ )( P＜0.05 ).The expressing level of PEDF mRNA in retina in normal group was similar to that of pH7.2 group(86％ ±19％ vs 100％ ±33％) (P=0.64),but that in pH 6.5 group was significantly higher than pH 7.2 group( 230％ ±66％ vs 100％ ±33％ ) ( P＜0.05 ).The resemble results were found in the expressions of VEGF and PEDF protein.After pH reversion,the expressing levels of VEGF mRNA were 100％ ±13％,111％ ±9％,113％ ±9％ in pH 7.2 group,pH 6.8 group and pH 6.5 group respectively without significant difference among them (F=2.51,P=0.16).The expressing levels of PEDF mRNA were 100％ ±13％,110％ ±9％,108％ ±11％in different groups ( F =0.98,P =0.43 ).Under the presence of antioxidant,the expressing level of VEGF mRNA in pH 6.5 group increased in comparison with pH 7.2 group and pH 6.8 group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressing levels of PEDF mRNA were significant different among pH 7.2 group( 100±31 )％,pH 6.8 group( 282±45 )％ and pH 6.5 group(480±117)％ (F=20.73,P=0.00). Conclusions VEGF can be induced by retinal acidification alone,which may be regulated by oxidative stress.Under the retinal acidification,antioxidants promote the expression of PEDF,suggesting that oxidative stress inhibits the production of PEDF.

Objective:To observe the effects of soybean isoflavones(SI) on uteri and uterine Er?,ER? expression in perimenopausal rats. Method:Female SD rats in age of 7-month-old were used as control and 11-month-old SD rats were divided into 5 groups,model group,diethylstilbestrol group and 3 test groups exposed to three doses of SI(ig:30,12,4.6 mg/kg?d) respectively for 35 d. Serum concentrations of estradiol(E2) ,testosterone(T) ,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) were determined. Ultrastructure of uterine luminal surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of ER? and ER? in the uteri were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:Low dose SI significantly increased serum E2(P

Objective To investigate the expression of CD40-CD154 co-stimulatory pathway in peripheral circulation and intestinal mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),the difference between the expression of CD40-CD154 in patients with IBD and that in healthy controls,and the correlation between CD40-CD154 levels and disease activity. Methods A total of 62 patients with Crohn's disease (CD),64 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 56 healthy controls were enrolled. Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA),SYBR-green real time PCR and immunohistochemical assay were respectively applied to evaluate expression of CD40-CD154 in plasma,mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa. Results Levels of CD40 (P=0. 000) and CD154 (P=0. 001) in plasma,mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa were significantly higher in patients with CD and UC than in healthy controls. However,no correlation between disease activity and CD40-CD154 expression in peripheral circulation or intestinal mucosa was detected (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion CD40-CD154 pathway activation is found in plasma,peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intestinal mucosa in patients with IBD,but is not correlated with disease activity.

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) belong to pattern recognition receptors, which perform significant roles in antiviral responses. RLRs can initiate a cascade of signaling transduction that induces the production of type I interferon and activates the interferon signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in antiviral responses. In the course of evolution, viruses have been constantly counteracting host immune systems to facilitate their own survival and replication, and have developed a set of antagonistic strategies. These mainly comprise elusion, disguise and attack strategies to eliminate the activation of RLRs. In virus-infected cells, RLRs recognize viral RNA and then induce antiviral responses. A better understanding of viral antagonistic strategies against RLRs will provide insights into the development of new antiviral medicines. This mini-review concludes that there are three main antagonistic strategies by which RNA viruses can counteract the activation of the RLRs pathway. It aims to provide references and insights for similar studies on viral antagonism in an array of RNA viruses.
DEAD Box Protein 58 ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; genetics ; immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; RNA Viruses ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; genetics ; immunology ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Virus Diseases ; genetics ; immunology ; virology

Due to the large population and relatively closed space environment , the subway system is vulnerable to bioterrorist attacks.This paper analyzes the technological response measures against subway bioterrorism in the United States, including Detect to Protect program of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and PROTECTS program of Depart-ment of Energy ( DOE) .We also put forward some proposals on how to improve China′s capability of prevention of and response to subway bioterrorism .

Objective To explore the efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy with small incision combined with balloon dilatation (sEST+EPBD)in the treatment of patients with choledocholithiasis and juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula (JPDD).Methods From January 2011 to January 2015 ,149 patients with choledocholithiasis and JPDD who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP)were enrolled.Among them,60 patients were in sEST+EPBD group and 89 were in endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)group.Success rate of ERCP and first-time stone removal,changes of total bilirubin (TBil)and direct bilirubin (DBil)levels,as well as the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups were compared.Chi-square test or t-test was performed for statistical analysis. Results The ERCP success rate sEST+EPBD group was 100.0% (60/60),and the first-time success rate of stone removal was 91 .7%(55/60);correspondingly,ERCP success rate of EST group was 98.9%(88/89),and the success rate of first-time stone removal was 77.5 %(69/89).There was no statistically significant difference in success rate of ERCP between the two groups (χ2 =0.19,P =0.410).The first-time success rate of stone removal of sEST +EPBD group was higher than that of EST group,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =5 .53,P =0.020).After operation,the TBil level of sEST+
EPBD group was (152.62 ±109.04 )μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((266.02 ± 143.31)μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.88,P <0.01 ).After operation, the DBil level of sEST +EPBD group was (87.13 ±65 .90)μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((175 .70 ± 100.53 )μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t = 5 .71 ,P <0.01).After operation,the TBil level of EST group was (251 .90 ±247.90)μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((340.20 ±176.20 )μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.74,P <0.05).After operation,the DBil level of EST group was (168.10±140.60)μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((228.40 ±139.60 )μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.87,P = 0.005).The complication rate of sEST + EPBD group after operation was 8.3%(5/60),which was lower than that of EST group (20.2%,18/89 ),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =3.88,P =0.049 ).Conclusion sEST+EPBD could increase the first-time success rate of stone removal in patients with choledocholithiasis and JPDD,and it is a safe and effective treatment.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of hepatic artery perfusion of antibiotics with that of intravenous administration of antibiotics in treating pyogenic liver abscess which is unsuitable for puncture drainage management. Methods Between October 2010 and October 2013, a total of 32 cases with bacterial liver abscesses which were unsuitable for puncture drainage management were encountered at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The patients were divided into group A (n = 15) and group B (n = 17). Hepatic arterial perfusion of antibiotics was carried out in the patients of group A, while intravenous administration of antibiotics was employed in the patients of group B. Percutaneous puncture drainage was adopted in the patients when their imaging examination showed liquefaction within the lesion. Results The hospitalization time, recovery time of body temperature, hemogram recovery time and liquefaction extent of the lesion in group A were much better than those in group B , and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hepatic arterial perfusion of antibiotics is an important and effective treatment for bacterial liver abscesses.

Objective To explore the risk factors in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction. Methods Retrospective investigarion was performed on 148 elderly hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.The patients were classified based on the presence or absence of cerebral infarction and compared with 60 controls.Logis- tic regression analysis was used to reveal the risk factors for cerebral infarction.Results The levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP),body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose (FBG),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) and plasma fibrinogen(Fg) were higher in the patients with cerebral infarction[141.15?17.46)mmHg,(23.81?3.53)kg/m~2,(8.82?2.81)mmol/L,(5.69?1.15)mmol/L,(2.08?0.75)mmol/L and (4.08?0.65)g/L] than those without cerebral infarction[(129.78?14.65) mmHg,(22.18?3.22)kg/m~2,(7.06?1.72 )mmol/L,(5.09?1.12)mmol/L,(1.62?0.43)mmol/L and (3.48?0.58)g/L].The logistic analysis showed COUR,SBP,FBG, TC,TG and Fg were the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction.Conclusion Early intervention of the inde- pendent risk factors including SBP,FBG,TC,TG and Fg in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was important for reduction and postponement of cerebral infarction.

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( LA_ICP_MS ) was applied for the determination of doping element chromium( Cr) content and distribution in Cr∶ZnSe crystals. Several different Cr∶ZnSe crystals were prepared by diffusion method as reference material to solve the problem of accurate quantization. The homogeneity of Cr in these samples was characterized by LA_ICP_MS and the concentrations achieved by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP_AES ) . With signal pot and line scan sampling, the present method provided effective position and content distribution information of Cr in ZnSe crystals, achieved the in situ analysis. The correlation coefficient of Cr in calibration curve was 0. 9992 and the detection limit was 0. 08 mg/kg. It could provide effective means for the distribution statistics of doping element in different growth condition crystals.