Pi-dan is a signifi cant conception,which comes from Inner Canon of Huangdi.From the vivid description of Pi-dan in Inner Canon of Huangdi,we consider that the formation and process of Pi-dan is equivalent to metabolic syndrome.They are have the same etiological factor:obesity,the same pathogenesis:abdominal fullness and interior heat,and they can result in diabetes,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,fat liver,gout and a series of severity vascular complication.The theory of Pi-dan exactly points out that obesity the original cause of metabolic syndrome,and suggests that early prevention and treatment for obesity is an important method to prevention metabolic syndrome and its complications.The main pathogenesis of Pi-dan is abdominal fullness and interior heat,and the main therapeutic methods are Xiaogaojiangzhuo,Kaiyuqingre,and Huoxuetongluo.

To introduce scientific research innovation into undergraduate education, cultivating innovative talents has been an urgent mission of current higher education. This article reviewed our experience, with the introduction of producing-studying-researching platform built on original innovative achievements of Chongqing medical university,of training physical medicine physician to be practical talents of large-scale diagnostic and therapeutic medical equipments, and was aimed to explore introducing producing-studying-researching platform into undergraduate education as well as improve personnel training quality of undergraduates.

Objective :To explore the feasibility and clinical value of real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echo‐cardiography (RT‐3D TEE) in diagnosis of congenital heart valvular disease (CHVD).Methods :A total of 135 CH‐VD patients treated in our hospital were selected .All patients received surgery ,and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and RT‐3D TEE inspection successively within 7d before surgery .Heart valve lesion condition was observed , and diagnostic results of two methods and surgical outcome were compared and analyzed .Results :RT‐3D TEE could display the morphological structure ,lesion degree and peripheral blood flow of heart valves in CHVD patients in a multi‐angle ,stereoscopic and clear way .It could find heart valve disease which is difficult to be identified by TTE , and corrected the diagnostic deviation .With surgical results as the gold standard ,diagnostic coincidence rate of RT‐3D TEE was significantly higher than that of TTE (97. 04% vs.91. 11%, P＝0.039).CHVD diagnosed by RT‐3D TEE and TTE possessed a intermediate consistency (Kappa＝0.477 , P＝0. 001).Conclusion :RT‐3D TEE can pro‐vide more imaging information for the diagnosis of CHVD ,which can be used as an effective supplement for preop‐erative TTE examination .

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of mind-refreshing and balance-restoring needling method combined with Frenkel exercises in treating ataxia after cerebral stroke. Methods: The recruited 120 patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by mind-refreshing and balance-restoring needling method, while the observation group was given additional lower-limb Frenkel exercises. Before and after treatment and at the follow-up, the ataxic lower-limb function was scored using Berg balance scale (BBS) and international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS), and Barthel index (BI) was adopted to score the activities of daily living (ADL). Results: After treatment, the markedly effective rate was 70.2％ and the total effective rate was 96.5％ in the observation group, versus 39.7％ and 87.9％ in the control group, and the differences in the markedly effective rate and the total effective rate were statistically significant (P<0.01, P<0.05). The intra-group comparisons showed that the BBS, ICARS and BI scores after treatment and at the follow-up were significantly different from those before treatment in both groups (all P<0.01).There were significant differences in the BBS score between the two groups after treatment and at the follow-up (P<0.05, P<0.01); the between-group differences in the ICARS and BI scores were statistically insignificant after treatment (both P>0.05), while the between-group differences in the ICARS and BI scores were statistically significant at the follow-up (both P<0.05). The interaction effects between the scoring time of BBS and BI and the group factor were statistically significant (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: Mind-refreshing and balance-restoring needling can effectively improve the lower-limb ataxic symptoms and ADL after stroke; when combined with Fenkel exercises, this needling method can produce more significant efficacy.

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a respiratory protein that is preferentially expressed in brain of mouse and man. In this article, Tibetan antelope, living at altitude of 3 000-5 000 m for millions of years, was selected as the model of hypoxia-tolerant adaptation species. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot techniques, expression of Ngb gene was amplified and analyzed in antelope brain tissue. Our results showed that Ngb homology protein in Tibetan antelope was identified with more sequence similarity with cattle (96%), sheep (95%), and human (95%). We detected that there were some mutations occurred in the Open Reading Frame of Ngb in Tibetan antelope compared with sheep. Phylogenetic analysis of Ngb chain showed that it was closer to cattle than the others. This study suggests possible roles of central nervous system enriched Ngb in adaptation of Tibetan antelope to extremely high altitude.
Acclimatization ; genetics ; Altitude ; Animals ; Antelopes ; genetics ; Cattle ; Globins ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; genetics ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sheep

Energy metabolism plays an important role in life survival for species living in high altitude hypoxia condition. Air-breathing organisms require oxygen to create energy. Tibetans are the well-adapted highlanders in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was thought that different metabolic approaches could lead to different adaptation traits to high altitude hypoxia. Recently identified hypoxia inducible factors pathway regulators, endothelial PAS domain protein1 (EPAS1)/HIF-2a and PPARA, were involved in decreasing hemoglobin concentrations in Tibetans. Because EPAS1 and PPARA also modulated the energy metabolism during hypoxia, we hypothesized that positive selected EPAS1 and PPARA genes were also involved in unique energy metabolisms in Tibetans. In this brief review, we take a look into genetic determinations to energy metabolisms for hypoxia adaptations traits in Tibetans and mal-adaptive conditions such as high altitude diseases.
Acclimatization ; genetics ; Altitude ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Phenotype ; Tibet

BACKGROUNDHyperparathyroidism (HPT) occurs at an early age and has a high disability rate. Unfortunately, confirmed diagnosis in most patients is done at a very late stage, when the patients have shown typical symptoms and signs, and when treatment does not produce any desirable effect. It has become urgent to find a method that would detect early bone diseases in HPT to obtain time for the ideal treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy of high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with spiral computed tomography (SCT) scan in detecting early bone diseases in HPT, through imaging techniques and histopathological examinations on an animal model of HPT.

METHODSEighty adult rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with forty in each. The control group was fed normal diet (Ca:P = 1:0.7); the experimental group was fed high phosphate diet (Ca:P = 1:7) for 3, 4, 5, or 6-month intervals to establish the animal model of HPT. The staging and imaging findings of the early bone diseases in HPT were determined by high field MRI and SCT scan at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month. Each rabbit was sacrificed after high field MRI and SCT scan, and the parathyroid and bones were removed for pathological examination to evaluate the accuracy of imaging diagnosis.

RESULTSParathyroid histopathological studies revealed hyperplasia, osteoporosis and early cortical bone resorption. The bone diseases in HPT displayed different levels of low signal intensity on T(1)WI and low to intermediate signal intensity on T(2)WI in bone of stage 0, I, II or III, but showed correspondingly absent, probable, osteoporotic and subperiosteal cortical resorption on SCT scan.

CONCLUSIONHigh field MRI combined with SCT scan not only detects early bone diseases in HPT, but also indicates staging, and might be a reliable method of studying early bone diseases in HPT.

Animals ; Bone Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Calcium ; blood ; Female ; Hyperparathyroidism ; complications ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; diagnosis ; Phosphorus ; blood ; Rabbits ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

BACKGROUNDThe solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is one of the most common findings on chest radiographs. The objectives of clinical practice are to differentiate malignant nodules from benign nodules in the least invasive way and to make a specific diagnosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between perfusion imaging features and microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in SPNs using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT); and to provide the theoretical basis for SPN blood flow pattern and blood flow quantitative features. Also, the study called for the discussion of the method's clinical application value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant SPNs.

METHODSSixty-eight patients with SPN underwent multi-location dynamic contrast enhanced (nonionic contrast material was administrated via the antecubital vein at a rate of 4 ml/s) MSCT. Precontrast and postcontrast attenuations on every scan was studied. Perfusion, peak height, and the ratio of the peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta were analyzed. Perfusion was calculated using the maximum gradient of the time-density curves (TDC) and the peak height of the aorta. The quantitative parameters (perfusion, peak height, ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta) of the blood flow pattern were compared with MVD and the VEGF expression of immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe perfusion peak heights of malignant ((96.15 +/- 11.55) HU) and inflammatory ((101.15 +/- 8.41) HU) SPNs were significantly higher than those of benign ((47.24 +/- 9.15) HU) SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Ratios of SPN-to-aorta of malignant and inflammatory SPNs were significantly higher than those of benign SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the peak height and SPN-to-aorta ratio of malignant SPNs and inflammatory SPNs (P > 0.05, P > 0.05). The precontrast densities of inflammatory SPNs were lower than those of malignant SPNs (P < 0.05). Perfusion values of malignant and inflammatory SPNs were significantly higher than those of the benign SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). The VEGF positive expressions appeared in 32 patients with malignant SPNs and 2 patients with benign SPNs, and the average value of the MVD was higher in patients with malignant SPNs (36.88 +/- 6.76) than in patients with either benign (4.51 +/- 0.60) or inflammatory (26.11 +/- 5.43) SPNs (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant correlations between the CT perfusion feature and the MVD. The highest correlation was between the peak height of SPN and the MVD (r = 0.657, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTumor microvessel density and VEGF expression facilitate the exploration of the pathophysiological basis of CT perfusion in SPNs. Multi-slice CT perfusion has shown strong positive correlations with angiogenesis in SPNs.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Perfusion Imaging ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lung ; pathology ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; pathology

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoide Rb1,specnuezhenide,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and oleanolic acid in Yitai Cap sules (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Ligustri lucidi Fructus,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 70％ ethanol extract of this drug was performed on a 25 ℃ thermostatic Luna C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-O.2％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/minin a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 203 nm.RESULTS Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 95.58％-102.12％ with the RSDs of 0.82％-1.73％.CONCLUSION This simple and stable method can be used for the rapid quality control of Yitai Capsules.