Objective To investigate the scientific research ability and training needs of the new posts of medical undergraduates for better training them.Methods A total of 62 new posts of medical undergraduates from a level-two general hospital in China were recruited by questionnaire survey.Resuits the scientific research ability of the new posts of medical undergraduates is poor,so it is very necessary for their in-service training,93.5~ of them have interest in scientific research and hope to get the training,especially want to take part in the practical activity.Conclusions It is not better that the scientific research ability of the new posts of medical undergraduates,so as early as possible to give the scientific research skill training to them.

Objective To expore multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii efflux pump phenotype and efflux pump gene expression in the resistant isolates. Methods Application of K-B method to detect 96 strains isolated from the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii′ resistance to 15 kinds of antibacterial drugs, detecting multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii efflux pump phenotype with broth microdilution method by the addition of carbonyl cyanide chlorobenzene hydrazone ( CCCP) pump inhibitors,using PCR amplification and sequencing to study efflux pump protein gene sequence characteristics . Results The Acinetobacter baumannii resistance rate of 96 strains to quinolones, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines were 70. 8%-94. 8%.There were 34 positive efflux pump phenotypes in 96 multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including 33 adeB strains, 32 adeR strains, 33 adeS strains, 33 adeJ strains,0 adeE strain,33 adeM strains, positive detection rate were 97. 06%, 94. 12%, 97. 06%, 97. 06%, 0, 97. 06%, respectively. By sequence comparison, adeB, adeR and adeS genes sequence homology was 100% in the GenBank. Conclusion Active efflux pump gene perturbation is one of the important factors in multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Objective: To investigate the potential function of GSDMD in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) during the inflammatory reaction and lung tissue damage. Methods: Twenty wild-type C57BL/6 mice and twenty GSDMD knockout C57BL/6 mice were randomized into the WT-sham group, WT-ALI group, Knockout (KO)-sham group and KOALI group. The ALI was induced by intratracheal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg), using PBS as the treatment control. To examine the inflammatory reaction and tissue damage in the lung, the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. HE staining of lung tissue and the semi-quantitative score of lung injury were performed. The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue and the total protein concentration in BALF were measured by BCA. The levels of TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BALF were detected by ELISA. The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in BALF and lung tissues were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the WT-ALI group, the lung injury pathological score, wet/dry ratio, and total protein concentration were all significantly lower in KO-ALI group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the total protein level, TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in BALF were significantly lower in KO-ALI group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no GSDMD and GSDMD-NT expression in the KO mice. After LPS stimulation, the expression levels of caspase-1 and caspase-11 were up-regulated in both wild-type and knockout mice (P<0.01). Conclusions: The expression and activation of GSDMD protein in the lung tissue of mice could be induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS and knockout of GSDMD can inhibit the inflammation level of the lung tissue and reduce its damage degree in mice.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the instructional effect of Multi-slice (MSCT) in the cochlear implantation pre- and post-operatively, and to contrast the image feature between the X-ray and the MSCT three-dimensional reconstruction of inner ear with implanted electrode. METHOD: Twenty-four cochlear implant (MEDEL Combi 40+) recipients,in No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University from January to October 2014, were involved in this study. Among them, 18 were male and 6 female,with an average age of 4 years. MSCT and three dimensional reconstruction of inner ear were performed in all of the 24 implanted inner ears pre- and post-operatively. And X-ray plain film were examined by using 60° lateral oblique position postoperatively. All data of the spiral CT scan with axial 1 mm image slices were transferred to workstation for three-dimensional reconstruction (direct volume rendering) of the inner ear. RESULT: In 1 of the 24 cases, preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction CT scan reveal that the length of the cochlear was shorter than the electrode. And this was confirmed by MSCT postoperatively that the electrode couldn't be inserted by full length. The insertion depth of the electrode can be evaluated directly by MSCT. Moreover, each of the electrode pairs can be identified clearly. CONCLUSION MSCT plays an indispensable role in the preoperative evaluation of cochlear implantation. Postoperative evaluation by three-dimensional reconstruction of inner ear provide more accurate image to show the electrode insertion depth in the cochlea. MSCT combined with curved planar reformation to measure cochlear length could provide guidance in choosing the more adaptive electrode. And MSCT is superior to DR in demonstration of electrode postoperatively.
Child, Preschool ; China ; Cochlea ; anatomy & histology ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Preoperative Care ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To understand the status on AIDS awareness,AIDS-related behaviors,risk factors on HIV infection status among 15-90 years or older men at the sexually transmitted disease clinics.Methods Data from the 2009 and 2010 national sentinel surveillance system,regarding men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics was collected from Guangdong,Guangxi,Henan,Sichuan,Yunnan and Jiangxi provinces,where the AIDS epidemic among 15-90 years or older population was serious.Data was uploaded to National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS) through the comprehensive AIDS control and prevention information system.Data was then analyzed by SPSS 18.0.Results A total of 64 003 pieces of data were collected.Among them,8783 ( 13.7％ ) were related to men at ≥ 50 years or older,and to men 15-49 years older were 55 220.The rates on the awareness of AIDS knowledge were from 69.6％ vs.80.1％,on frequently having had commercial sexual contacts in the last three months were between 34.1％vs.36.6％,on having had casual sexual contact in the last three months were 18.7％ vs.28.4％,on having had homosexual anal intercourse as 0.7％ vs.1.4％.The rates of taking HIV antibody testing in the last year (14.3％ vs.17.1％ ) among this population were all significantly lower than the rate among the 15 to 49 years age group.However,the HlV-positive rate among the older age group (fifty years of age or older) was significantly higher than the rate among 15 to 49 year age group ( 1.1％ vs.0.7％ ).Regard the fifty years of age or older men.Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that factors as:having regular partner (OR=0.588,P=0.034),having homosexual anal intercourse (OR=5.226,P=0.006) were associated with positivities of HIV antibody.Conclusion High-risk sexual behaviors,including homosexual anal intercourse were the major risk factors for men at ≥50 years or older age,related to the infection of HIV.

We detected Zika virus (ZIKV) in a febrile case returning from Suriname and entry China from Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Port.Serum and saliva samples were collected from a suspected case returning from Suriname.We detected ZIKV RNA using real-time fluorescence RT-PCR methods by both in-house reagent and commercial detection kits.RT-PCR detection was carried out with saliva sample and sequence analysis was performed.Phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the source of imported cases.Real-time fluorescent RT-PCR result showed that saliva was detected ZIKV RNA positive while for serum was weakly positive.A specific 1 500 bp fragment in size was amplified with saliva sample by RT-PCR.Sequence analysis showed 99％ homologous to the corresponding sequence of Brazil ZIKV (GenBank No.KX197250).Phylogenetic tree indicated it was located on African lineage.According to the epidemiological investigation results,clinical manifestations and nucleic acid detection of case,the suspected case was confirmed to infect Zika virus,being the first case from Suriname into Guangdong Province.

α-HgS is the main component of traditional Chinese medicine cinnabar, while β-HgS is the main component of Tibetan medicine Zuotai. However, there was no comparative study on the dissolution and absorption in gastrointestinal tract and bioaccumulation in organs of mercury in Cinnabar, Zuotai, α-HgS and β-HgS. In this study, the dissolution process of the four compounds in the human gastrointestinal tract was simulated to determine the mercury dissolutions and compare the mercury dissolution of different medicines and the dissolution-promoting capacity of different solutions. To explore the absorption and bioaccumulation of cinnabar and Zuotai in organisms, mice were orally administered with clinical equivalent doses cinnabar and Zuotai. Meanwhile, a group of mice was given α-HgS and β-HgS with the equivalent mercury with cinnabar, while another group was given β-HgS and HgCl2 with the equivalent mercury with Zuotai. The mercury absorption and bioaccumulation capacities of different medicines in mice and their mercury bioaccumulation in different tissues and organs were compared. The experimental results showed a high mercury dissolutions of Zuotai in artificial gastrointestinal fluid, which was followed by β-HgS, cinnabar and α-HgS. As for the mercury absorption and bioaccumulation in mice, HgCl2 was the highest, β-HgS was the next, and a-HgS was slightly higher than cinnabar. The organs with the mercury bioaccumulation from high to low were kidney, liver and brain. This study is close to clinical practices and can provide reference for the clinical safe medication as well as a study model for the safety evaluation on heavy metal-containing medicines by observing the mercury dissolution, absorption, distribution and accumulation of mercury-containing medicines cinnabar and zuotai.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mercury ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Mercury Compounds ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Mice ; Solubility

Objective To investigate the feasibility of genotoxicity assessment for chemicals via flow cytometry (FCM) and high-content screening (HCS) based on high-throughput screening in vitro micronucleus assays. Methods In reference to the methodology of OECD TG487, the typical positive controls, cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC), were selected.And no serum MEM medium was treated as negative control.Dose range of CP was 5-20 mg/L and MMC was 0.25-1.0 mg/L.CHL cells were treated with three concentrations of each chemical for 4 h.High-throughput screening in vitro micronucleus assays based on FCM and HCS were established.The results of the frequency of micronuclei were compared to traditional cytokinesis blocking micronucleus assay in each group with or without metabolic activation. Results The frequencies of micronuclei induced by CP and MMC (ascending rank) were separately 1.9%, 7.6%, 10.4% and 5.9%, 11.4%, 16.7%, which were obtained by conventional microscopic scoring.The frequencies of micronuclei induced by CP and MMC (ascending rank) were separately 2.8%, 2.6%, 7.8% and 3.2%, 3.7%, 5.1%, which were obtained by flow cytometry screening.The frequencies of micronuclei induced by CP and MMC (ascending rank) were separately2.8%, 6.2%, 9.1% and 7.9%, 10.1%, 10.2%, which were obtained by high-content screening.Compared with negative controls, the differences of the results were statistically significant(P < 0.05), and there was a dose-response relationship. Conclusion In this study, the results of high-throughput screening assays of FCM and HCS are in accordance to the results of traditional cytokinesis blocking micronucleus assay, indicating that high-throughput screening in vitro micronucleus assays could detect micronucleus formation automatically and improve the efficiency.Therefore, the method could provide data support for using high-throughput screening in vitro micronucleus assays into genotoxicity assessment of chemicals.

OBJECTIVETo modify and optimize gas chromatographic conditions, qualitative and quantitative method on the base of the actual national standard detection method for drinking water on testing iodide with gas chromatography, and detect iodide in drinking water of Shanghai.

METHODSIodobutane derivative was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, then two capillary columns coupled to electron capture detector were made by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Finally, 100 ml water samples were collected respectively from raw water and finished water of three plants in which water sources were Yangtse river, Huangpu river, and inner river respectively and detected by this developed method.

RESULTSThe results of mass spectrometry showed that iodide would form iodobutane which could generate 1-iodo-2-butanone and 3-iodo-2-butanone isomers by derivatization. The data of qualitative analysis by two capillary columns revealed that iodobutane was separated completely and the total time of chromatogram separation was 19.33 min.3-iodo-2-butanone with the high response value was selected to quantitatively analyse. The linear range was 1 - 100 µg/L, and the coefficient of determination (r(2)) was 0.9997. The limit of detection was 13 ng/L. Recoveries were between 97.68% and 104.37%, and relative standard deviations were between 2.14% and 4.41%. The results of iodide detected by this method in raw water and finished water in three plants in Shanghai showed that the ranking of iodide's concentration in raw water was Huangpu river (15.14 µg/L) > inner river (6.97 µg/L) > Yangtse river (3.55 µg/L). The level of iodide in finished water of plant 1 (3.55 µg/L and 5.92 µg/L for raw and finished water respectively) and 3 (6.97 µg/L and 9.62 µg/L for raw and finished water respectively) increased slightly except for plant 2 (15.14 µg/L and 1.81 µg/L for raw and finished water respectively). The relative standard deviations of all water samples measured in duplicate were less than 9.73%.

CONCLUSIONThe improved method possesses higher degree of sensitivity and accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis than actual national standard detection method, and it is fit for trace analysis of iodide in water.

Objective:To investigate the surgical strategy for chronic pancreatitis complicated with suspected malignant lesions in the pancreatic head and pancreatolithiasis in the distal pancreas.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. Clinical data from 11 patients with chronic pancreatitis who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy(PD-L) were retrospectively collected(PD-L group) from the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University between December 2021 and September 2023. All patients were male with an age of (49.0±11.2) years(range:32 to 70 years). Their primary preoperative diagnoses included pancreatic lesions, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatolithiasis, and dilatation of the pancreatic duct. Data from 248 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) during the same period were retrospectively collected(PD group). There were 157 males and 91 females in the PD group, with an age of (61.5±10.8) years(range:27 to 82 years). Among them, 87 cases were diagnosed as pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis. The propensity score matching method was used to reduce confounding bias between the two groups. The caliper value of 0.1 was used and the 1∶4 nearest neighbor matching method was used for the matching. Comparisons between the two groups were made using the independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test,respectively. Results:After complete excision of the specimen during pancreaticoduodenectomy, the key surgical step of PD-L was longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy in the remaining pancreas. Intraoperative blood loss in the PD-L group was lower than that in the PD group [ M(IQR)](300(200)ml vs. 500(500)ml, respectively; P<0.05). Similarly, hospitalization days(21.0(7.0)days vs. 25.0(8.5)days) and postoperative hospitalization days(13.0(8.0)days vs. 17.0(5.0) days) were also lower in the PD-L group compared to the PD group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the operation time and postoperative complication rate between the two groups( P>0.05). In the PD-L group, the postoperative follow-up time was 5(5)months(range: 3 to 21 months). One case was lost for follow-up. Abdominal pain was relieved in 10 patients. Additionally, abdominal distension and steatosis were alleviated in 8 cases. Furthermore, 5 cases of diabetes mellitus showed improved control of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels after surgery. Conclusions:PD-L treatment can be used to treat chronic pancreatitis complicated by suspected malignant lesions in the pancreatic head and pancreatolithiasis in the distal pancreas. PD-L also has advantages in removing stones from the pancreatic duct and evaporation of pancreatic fluid. However, due to the single-center design and the small sample size of this study, further practice and long-term follow-up are still necessary.