Theexcretionofurinaryandplasmametabolitesofsalbutamolwasstudiedusingultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry, after a single intragastric gavaged dose administration with salbutamol. The software of Agilent MassHunter Metabolite ID was employed to find and identify the chemical structure of metabolites of salbutamol. Five metabolites from salbutamol were identified. Metabolites identified in swine urine included glucuronide conjugate salbutamol, N-oxide-salbutamol, hydroxyl-salbutamol, methoxyl-salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol. Whereas, only the parent drug, glucuronide conjugate salbutamol and dehydrated hydroxyl-salbutamol were observed in swine plasma.

Objective To assess the feasibility of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasonic cholangiography(3D-CEUSC) in cadaver liver.Methods The 3D-CEUSC was performed in 6 cases of cadaver liver.Image quality of 3D-CEUSC was evaluated.The visualization of branching orders,the degree of visibility and coincidence of morphous were compared with those of cholangiagraphy using fluoroscopy.Results The imaging quality of 3D-CEUSC was inferior to that of cholangiography with significant difference.The three-dimensional biliary tree structures were visualized in all 6 3D-CEUSC.The maximum visualization of branching orders in 3D-CEUSC was (3.67±0.52),which was equal to the results(4.00±0.63)by cholangiography (P=0.465).The degrees of visibility of biliary tree were equivalent with those by cholangiography in the first and second order with significant difference.The coincidence of morphous was excellent compared the images of 3D-CEUSC with direct X-ray cholangiography.Conclusion 3D-CEUSC is a new technique as a useful supplement to cholangiography in evaluation of biliary anatomy and variation before graft harvesting in LDLT.

Background Ultraviolet radiation is one of factors of the formation of age-related cataract.Indole-3-carbinol(I3C) is a plant chemical material with inhibitory effect on oxidative-induced cell damage and formation of amyloid fibrils,and the oxidative damage and amyloid fibrils are associated with cataract.However,the relationship between I3C and α-crystallin is in study. Objective This study was to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet-B laser irradiation on the secondary structure of α-crystallin and to explore the protection of I3C to chaperone activity of α-crystallin. Methods The fresh eyeballs were obtained from 1-year-old cattle to prepare the purified lens α-crystallin by gel chromatography.α-Crystallin was isolated from cattle lenses using gel chromatography.The purified α-crystallin was collected using fast protein liquid chromatography ( FPLC ) and exposed to 1:308 nmultraviolet-B at different irradiation intensities ( 23.75,118.75,475.00,1187.50,2375.00,4750.00,11 875.00,23 750.00 mJ/cm2 ) and then to ultraviolet-B 2:308 nm with irradiation intensities of 28 535.00,6730.00,3435.00,1910.00,1040.00 mJ/cm2.Ultraviolet-absorbance spectra,tryptophan fluorescence and N-formylkynurenine (N-FK)fluorescence spectra of both irradiated and non-irradiated α-crystallin were measured.I3C at the concentrations of 50 μmol/L and 100 μmoL/L were added to the α-crystallin solution to perform a catalase (CAT) thermal aggregation to confirm the chaperone activity of the α-crystallin,and the α-crystallin solution without any I3C was used as control.The ratios of A360 between various intervene groups with control group were calculated using spectrophotometry.Results The A280 values of the α-crystallin declined to 10％ at the ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity of 1187.5 mJ/cm2 and that at the intensity of 23.75 J/cm2 lowed to 2％.A negative correlation was seen between the ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity and the A280 value of the α-crystallin (R2=0.925 ) and a positive correlation was found between ultraviolet-B with N-FK ( R2 =0.949 ).Ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity showed a negative correlation with Trp fluorescence intensity (R2 =0.996 ).CAT hot condensed experiment revealed that after addition of different concentrations of indole-3-carbinol,the relative A360 values at various ultraviolet-B irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P =0.000),and the decreasing degree of chaperone activity of α-crystallin was lower than that of the control group ( P =0.000 ). Conclusions The study suggests that I3C can protect the chaperone activity of α-crystallin from photooxidation,and the ultraviolet-B laser may be a good exposure source compared with ultraviolet lamp.The ultraviolet-B laser irradiation causes the alteration of structure and chaperone activity of α-crystallin.

Objective To ssarch for the relationship between hemoglobulin (Hb),erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and the altitude.Methods The altitudes of Guinan and Maduo county in Qinghai province are respectively 3200m and 4300m. The 122 healthy students aged from 7 to 14 years old were selected, Hb and EP of them were respectively determined by the methods of ferric cyanation and fluorospectrophotometry. The statistical treatment was carry out by t test and matched-pair t test.Results The Hb levels of the healthy children aged from 7 to 14 years old in Guinan and Maduo county are respectively 133 .6?10.1 and 152.8?14.0 g/L (t = 12.31, p＜0.001), the EP levels of them are respectively 320.7 ? 114.9 and 347.8 ? 123.6 ?g/L (t = 1.77, P＞0.05), the value of EP/Hh of them are respectively 2.4 ?0 .9 and 2 .3?0.8 (t = 1.12, p＞0.05). The result of matched-pair t test shows that there are not sexural difFerence for Hb, EP and EP/Hb (P＞0.05).Conclusion Along with the increasing of altitude, the Hb and EP levels of the healthy Children aged from 7 to 14 years old are obviously increased and on sexural difference.

Objective To evaluate rehabilitation effect of Amatsu' s tracheoesophageal shunt operation after total laryngectomy with sphincter mechanism. Methods Voice rehabilitations were performed for 60 cases with Amatsu' s tracheoesophgea[shunt operation after total laryngectomy with sphincter mechanism, in which 20 cases were involved in post-operation radiation therapy. Results Fifty two (86.7%) cases developed speech with voice and swallow rehabilitation, but 1 case of them suffered water drip from his tracheoesophageal shunt when drinking. The other 8 (11.3%) cases developed swallow rehabilitation but failed in speech rehabilitation for pharyngeal fistula (4 cases,in which 1 had pre-operative radiation therapy), tracheoesophageal shunt obstruction (2 cases), dyspnea with unknowen reason (1 cases), no desire to speech(1 cases). Furthermore, all the 20 cases who were involved in post-operative radiative therapy restore their speech and swallow capability finally. Conclusions Amatsu's tracheoesophageal shunt operation with sphincter mechanism brought effective speech rehabilitation results for total laryngectomee even with pest-operation radiation therapy.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different processing methods on the content and biological activity of main chemical constituents of Forsytiae Fructus, in order to provide the basis for rational processing of Forsytiae Fructus.

METHODThe content of extracts was determined by the extract determination method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The effects of chemical constituents of Forsytiae Fructus under different processing conditions were compared by HPLC method. Furthermore, free radical scavenging DPPH method was used to assess the antioxidation effect, and the antibacterial effect of Forsytiae Fructus was evaluated according to the inhibition effect on staphylococcus aureus.

RESULTConsidering various factors, the optimum boiling process is that adding six-fold water and boiling for 8 min.

CONCLUSIONThe content and activity of chemical constituents of Forsytiae Fructus are significantly different under different processing conditions.

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of bedside treatment by laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

METHODSThe clinical data of 30 cases of ROP who underwent peripheral laser ablation on bedside in the NICU from March to August 2009 were studied retrospectively.

RESULTSA total of 59 eyes from 30 patients received the laser therapy, with a total cure rate of 95%. According to the International Classification of ROP, 26 eyes of 13 infants had zone 1 disease, and 33 eyes of 17 infants had zone 2 disease. The birth gestational age and birth weight as well as corrected gestational age and corrected weight at operation in the zone 1 disease group were significantly lower than those in the zone 2 disease group. The number of laser spots in the zone 1 disease group was significantly higher than that in the zone 2 disease group. The cure rate in the zone 2 disease group (100%) was significantly higher than that in the zone 1 disease group (88%).

CONCLUSIONSLaser retinal photocoagulation on bedside in the NICU is effective for both zone 1 and zone 2 ROP. As compared with the infants with zone 2 disease, the infants with zone 1 disease may have a poor outcome.

Background Since the measurement method establishment of serum ferritin abroad in early period of theseventies, the iron deficiency had been divided into two types: the non-anemia and anemia types. In orderto go step further studies, we must ertablish the bemoglobin targets of the two types. Methods One hurdred and fifty-two children in experimontal group, from 6 to 7 years old, and allcome from Qinghai province. There are 29 children in Xining city, 24 in Guide, 26 in Gongbe, 40 in Gui-nan and 33 in Maduo countics. There are 36 health children aged from 6 to 7 years old in the controlgroup, and all comes from Beijing. The Hb, RBC, HCT, HCTW and FEP wcre determined. Results The three targets correlating with Hb (Hb, MCH and MCHC); correlating with RBC (RBC,HCT and MCV); the two targets correlating with RBC_weight (HCTW and CMCW) and correlating withFEP of RBC(FEP and MCEP) have very significant difference between experimental group and control group. Conclusion The determination values of the 10 targets are not same in children in different districts,and the values of all the target: are increased on different degree along with the increase in altitude of ele-vation. There is very important significance on the studies of iron deficiency and altitude hypoxia to establish the normal values of the 10 targets.

Drugs, Generic ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use* ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy* ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use* ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the effect of implementing risk management in the breast cancer chemotherapy ward.Methods The breast cancer chemotherapy patients between January 2011 and June 2011 were retrospectively surveyed and analyzed the factors that may caused drug extravasation and took the appropriate care risk management measures,nurses received the intervention between July 2011 and December 2011,the situation of drug leaking was investigated and the nurses' cognition on drug chemotherapy before and after intervention was assessed,Results After implementing care risk management,the leakage rate of chemotherapy drug was decreased 5.7％,and no skin necrosis occurred.The nurses' professional knowledge about the usage of chemotherapy drug was obviously improved than that before intervention,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.727,6.190,4.887,4.887 ; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Implementing risk management in breast cancer chemotherapy ward can reduce the risk of care in chemotherapy and improve the nurses' professional knowledge.