Objective:To simultaneously determine the contents of asarinin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammio-side in Xinqin granules. Methods:An HPLC method was used. The determination was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 col-umn(150 mm ×4.6mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of menthol (A)-water (B) with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm from 0 to 30 min and 287nm from 30 to 55 min. The injection volume was 10μl. Results:The linear range of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, asarinin and 5-O-methylvisammio-side was 10.210-163.400 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7),10.160-162.600 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8) and 5.015-80.240 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8), respectively. The average recovery was 100. 30%(RSD=1. 6%, n=6),101. 53%(RSD=1. 1%,n=6) and 101. 12%(RSD=1. 2%, n=6), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, which can be used in the quality control of Xinqin granules.

Objective To investigate the effects of antioxidant response element (ARE) activator- 5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[ C ]-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (CPDT) on organotypic spinal cord cultures and to study whether this activation can protect motor neurons from oxidative stress.Methods Organotypic spinal cord cultures were prepared using lumbar spinal cord slices from 8-day-old rat.Threo-hydroxyaspartate (THA) was continuously added into the culture medium for 3 weeks,which caused selective motor neuron death. Thus,the in vitro model of amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis (ALS) was established.15,30 ?mol/L of CPDT were added into the culture medium respectively.Ventral motor neurons survival was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody SMI-32,a nonphosphorylated neurofilament marker. Ultrastructure was observed with electronic microscope.Results The pretreatment of organotypic spinal cord cultures with different concentrations of CPDT significantly increase the total number of ventral motor neurons (15?mol/L:(15.81?6.97) perexplant;30?mol/L:(16.25?6.74) perexplant respectively) compared with THA group ((5.31?5.76) perexplant) and the former had plentiful neurite extensions (n= 15,P

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of combined transgastric and transcolonic endoscopic cholecystectomy in porcine model.Methods Five female miniature swines were subjected to cholecystectomy by the combined transgastric and transcolonic approach using two flexible endoscopes.The gastric wall of the swine was punctured with a needle knife,followed by dilatation with a balloon-dilator via the transgastric access.then a double channel endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity.Another double-channel endoscope was advanced via a transcolonic access.Gallbladder excision was performed using transcolonic endoscope assisted by transgastric endoscope.After eholecystectomy the gastric and the colonic incisions were closed with clips.The animal was examined 14 days after operation.Results Cholecystectomy was failed in 4 swines because of incomplete exposing the gallbladder(3 swines)and hemarrhage during separating the gallbladder from the liver bed(1 swine).Only one swine was successfully performed cholecystectomy.But 3 perforations were found in the diaphragm which might be done by transcolonic endoscope.The swine lost 4 kg 14 days after the operation.The necropsy revealed a complete transmural healing of the gastric incision with minimal adhesions and a complete healing of the colonic incision with heavy adhesions.An abscess with severe adhesions was found in the right lower quadrant.One perforation of the diaphragm healed,and the other two perfolrations merged and formed a diverticulum embedded with the liver.Conclusion Combined transgastric and transcolonic approach appears difficult for cholecystectomy and the safety remains tO be further studied.

Background Retinal photocoagulation iconsidered to be an effective therapy fodiabetiretinopathy (DR).Fundufluorescein angiography (FFA) iused to determine if panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) ineeded.SometimeFFiunsuitable fosome Dpatients,and funduphotography igenerally applied.However,whethecolofunduphotography can substitute foFFin evaluating Dgrading and advising foadministering the photocoagulation protocol iunclear.Objective Thistudy wato compare the grading outcomebetween colofunduphotography and FFin assessing DR.Methodprospective case serieself-controlled study wadesigned.Thiclinical study waapproved by the EthiCommittee of Shanghai Tenth People'Hospital,and written informed consenwaobtained from each patienprioto entering the series.Five 50° non-stereoscopiphotographwere taken in 238 eyeof 136 patientwho methe criteriof type 2 diabetes,and then the FFwaperformed.The imagewere analyzed based on the 2003 International DiabetiRetinopathy Disease Severity Scale.The comparison of the grading outcomein assessing Dbetween colofunduphotography and FFwaevaluated by the Kappagreementesusing SPS17.0.ResultFunduphotography showed mild non-proliferative D(NPDR) in 17.2％ of case(41/238),moderate NPDin 20.2％ of case(48/238),severe NPDin 27.7％ of case(66/238) and PDeyein 34.9％ of case(83/238).FFshowed mild NPDin 20.2％ of case(48/238),moderate NPDin 17.6％ of case(42/238),severe NPDin 19.3％ of case(46/238) and PDin 42.9％ of case(102/238).The concordance foDgrading between funduphotography and FFwasubstantial (κ =0.653,P＜0.01).In evaluating whetheiwanecessary to administePRP (to severe NPDand PDpatients),good concurrence waobserved between funduphotography and FF(κ=0.812,P＜0.01).ConclusionThe merge image from five 50° non-stereoscopiphotographpresentagood indicatofothe selection of PRP in Dpatientwith type 2 diabetes.However,the physicianshould be cautiouin the evaluation of retinal non-perfusion areand neovascularization by funduphotography.

CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is a kind of G-protein-coupled receptor, which plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation. The interaction between 2-(2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-{[(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-methyl}-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl)-acetamide (S009) and the N-terminal extracellular tail (ML40) of CCR4 has been validated to be high affinity by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The S009 is a known CCR4 antagonist. Now, a series of new thiourea derivatives have been synthesized. Compared with positive control S009, they were screened using ML40 as target by CZE to find some new drugs for allergic inflammation diseases. The synthesized compounds XJH-5, XJH-4, XJH-17 and XJH-1 displayed the interaction with ML40, but XJH-9, XJH-10, XJH-11, XJH-12, XJH-13, XJH-14, XJH-3, XJH-8, XJH-6, XJH-7, XJH-15, XJH-16 and XJH-2 did not bind to ML40.Both qualification and quantification characterizations of the binding were determined. The affinity of the four compounds was valued by the binding constant, which was similar with the results of chemotactic experiments. The established CEZ method is capable of sensitive and fast screening for a series of lactam analogs in the drug discovery for allergic inflammation diseases.

OBJECTIVETo assess effects of different class II cavities on stresses of amalgam and composite resin restoration.

METHODSFive kinds of class II MO cavities were prepared on the first molars of mandibles. The cavities were filled by amalgam and composite resin, respectively. The stresses were analyzed by using three-dimensional finite element method, after vertical and lateral pressures were loaded on the teeth.

RESULTSThe stresses were greater in traditional cavities than those in reformed cavities when 100 N vertical and lateral pressures were loaded on the teeth. But the pressing stress and shearing stress in cavities filled by amalgam were smaller in traditional cavities than those in reformed cavities. The stresses were smaller in cavities filled by resin than those in cavities filled by amalgam significantly, when the cavities were designed with slot retention groove, without slot retention groove and as plate form. The stresses were smaller in two kinds of slot and plate cavities than those in traditional and reformed cavities.

CONCLUSIONIt is better to design cavity with slot retention groove for amalgam restoration and to design cavity without slot retention groove for composite resin restoration.

Composite Resins ; standards ; Dental Amalgam ; standards ; Dental Cavity Preparation ; methods ; Dental Models ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; methods ; Dental Stress Analysis ; methods ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar

Five compounds (tenuifoliside C, tenuifoliside D, telephiose A, telephiose C and polygalaxanthone III) from polygala tenuifolia wild were incubated together with CYP probe substrate in human liver microsomes to investigate the inhibitory effect towards CYP450 enzyme. Phenacetin (CYP1A2), coumarin (CYP2A6), paclitaxel (CYP2C8), diclofenac (CYP2C9), S-mepheriytoin (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), midazolam (CYP3A) were selected as the isoforfn specific substrate. And the formation of paracetamol, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 6alpha-hydroxy paclitaxel, 4'-hydroxydiclofenac, dextrorphan, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, 1'-hydroxymidazolam, 4'-hydroxymephenytoin were detected respectively to measure the effect towards CYP450 by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result shows that five compounds from polygala tenuifolia willd significantly inhibit chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1, while showed no effect towards CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A. And IC50 value was 38.73, 54.14, 61.77, 62.22, 50.56 micromol x L(-1), respectively.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Esters ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Oligosaccharides ; pharmacology ; Polygala ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

Radiotherapy is one of the effective methods for the treatment of head and neck tumors, especially nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but the adverse reactions caused by radiotherapy are common. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have a high incidence rate of dysphagia after radiotherapy. This article reviews the research progress of intervention strategies for dysphagia after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aiming to improve the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(EGFR 2,also called HER2 or c-ErbB2)in elderly intracranial meningio-mas.Methods A total of 52 elderly patients with intracranial meningioma who underwent surgi-cal resection in our department from February 2021 to January 2023 were consecutively recruited in this study.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)classification,40 cases were as-signed into WHO grade Ⅰ and 12 cases into WHO grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ.Based on the phosphorylation level of HER2(p-HER2),there were 39 cases with low p-HER2 expression and 13 cases with high expression.The expression of HER2 extracellular domain(ECD),intracellular domain(ICD)and phosphorylated receptor(6B12)were detected by immunohistochemistry.Double probe fluores-cence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to detect the amplification of HER2.Time to recur-rence(TTR)and overall survival(OS)were recorded during follow-up.Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were employed to analyze the relationship of HER2 expression and recurrence and death risk in these patients.Results The positive rate of ICD-CB11 and ICD-3B5 was both 100％,while that of ECD-SP3 and 6B12(p-HER2)was 61.54％(32/52)and 25.00％(13/52),respectively in the elderly patients.In normal meningeal tissues,negative results were observed in all above four antibody immune responses.In addition,there was no significant difference in HER2 expression between WHO group 1 and WHO group Ⅱ/Ⅲ(P＞0.05).HER2 gene amplification was not detected in all elderly patients with meningioma,and the ratio of HER2 to CEP17 signals was 1.09±0.11,ranging from 0.84 to 1.35.Univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard regression analysis showed that high expression of p-HER2 was an independent risk factor for recurrence and death in elderly patients with meningioma(P＜0.05).During follow-up,the patients with low p-HER2 expression had higher relapse-free survival rate and longer median recurrence-free survival(RFS)when compared with the patients with high p-HER2 expression(74.36％vs 30.77％,1.66 year vs 0.56 year,P log rank＜0.01).Survival analysis indicated that higher total survival rate and longer median OS were observed in the patients with low p-HER2 expression than those with high p-HER2 expression(82.05％vs 46.15％,2.27 year vs 0.58 year,Plogrank＜0.01).Conclusion HER2 is overexpressed in elderly patients with intracra-nial meningioma,and p-HER2 overexpression is associated with an increased risk of recurrence and death.HER2 may be used as a prognostic tool in elderly patients with meningioma,and is ex-pected to be a potential therapeutic target.

Objective To understand the correlation between the sleep duration and the dangerous self-injurious behaviors of junior school students in Shanghai.Methods By using systematic sampling methods, 21 junior schools were randomly selected from 17 districts in Shanghai.By using simple random sampling methods, 2 classes were randomly selected from each grade of students from each of the selected junior schools.By using the Survey Questionnaire for Health-related Behaviors of Teenagers in Shanghai(junior school students'edition), questionnaire surveys were performed to investigate the sleep duration and the related dangerous self-injurious behaviors of junior school students.Results A total of 6 414 students (of which male students occupied 49.1% and female students occupied 50.9%) were surveyed and the pass rate of questionnaires was 99.55%.The average age of the students surveyed was 13.28±1.84.21.1% of the students surveyed slept less than 7 hours every day, 69.6% thereof slept 7-8 hours every day and 9.3% thereof slept 9 hours or more every day.In the past 12 months, 47.2% of the students surveyed often felt lonely,71.3% thereof felt unhappy because of study stress or unsatisfactory school records and 9.3% thereof cancelled their daily activities for 2 weeks or more because of feeling sad and desperate.11.7% of the students surveyed conducted self-injurious behaviors, 11.9% thereof contemplated suicide, 6.9% thereof made plans for suicide.The sleep duration of the students surveyed was negatively correlated with the rate of psychological depression related to self-injuries as well as the self-injurious behaviors thereof.Conclusion Lack of sleep is common among junior school students in Shanghai, and sleep insufficiency is correlated with self-injurious psychology and behaviors.which suggests that it is very much necessary to provide junior school students with education that improves sleep.