Objective To analyze the correlation of discomfort experience and factual recollection (FR) in patients of intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Fifty-five ICU patients and 63 ward patients par-ticipated in the study. Standardized questionnaires were used to evaluate all patients" FR and the results underwent analysis. Results The prevalence of recollection of any type of discomfort in the ICU patients was 64%. The presence of an endotracheal tube, pain and hallucinations were identified as sources of dis-comfort.The median score for FR in the ICU patients was 7.25. The median score for FR in the ward pa-tients was 13.50. The difference between them was highly significant (t =3.34, P < 0.01 ). Logistic analysis revealed that discomfort, especially discomfort caused by the presence of an endotracheal tube, pain and hallucinations, was positively related to FR, 0R95%CI (1.2～2.1), P < 0.01. Conclusions The presence of an endotracheal tube, pain and hallucinations were most frequently reported as sources of discomfort in ICU patients and their memory was often impaired. FR and recollection of discomfort appear to be related significantly in ICU patients.

ObjectiveTo study the expression of adhesion mol ecules (CD 54 、CD 62p ) on diabetic neuropathy in the STZ induced rats and the effect of cilostazol treatment.MethodsSD rats were divided into four groups: normal control, diabetes control, insulin and cilostaz ol treated group. Sciatic nerve conductive velocity, the level of CD 54 /CD 62p on the surface of mononuclear cell/platelet were examined, and ultrast ructure of sciatic nerve was observed.ResultsCilostazol incr eased sciatic nerve conductive velocity significantly [DM=(20.3?2.2) m/s vs ci lostazol=(28.9?7.9)m/s,(P

Peripheral artery disease is a cardiovascular risk factor. Exercise training may benefit patients with peripheral artery disease from preserving or improving functional capacity and reducing cardiovascular events. Accordingly, this article reviewed the effects of exercise training on peripheral artery disease, and the possible mechanisms

Objective To compare the application of three diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome(MS) among the elderly in community. Methods 773 elderly people in the community were diagnosed for MS by the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Society (CDS),International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and revised National Cholesterol Education Prongram-Adult Treatment Panel(ATP Ⅲ* ) criteria,respectively.The diagnosis accordance rates were compared among the different diagnostic criteria. Results The MS prevalence rates in the elderly were 32.5％ (251/773),53.4％ (413/773) and 47.2％ (365/773) according to CDS,IDF and ATP Ⅲ* criteria,respectively and there were significant difference among the criteria (Q=173.10,P＜0.01 ).The MS prevalence was higher in women than in men especially by IDF [57.3％ (284/487)vs.45.1％ (129/286),x2=12.64,P＜0.01]and ATPⅢ* criteria [53.0％(258/487)vs. 37.4％ (107/286),x2=17.52,P＜0.01].The coincidences in the diagnosis of MS were 88.6％ (Kappa=0.773,P＜0.01)using IDF and ATPⅢ * definitions,75.7％ using CDS and ATPⅢ *,and 73.7％ using CDS and IDF.Conclusions The agreement in the diagnosis of MS using IDF and ATPⅢ* definitions is higher than using CDS and IDF or ATPⅢ * definitions.

Objective:To study the clinical application of laparoscopic combined with multi-video debridement in treatment of complicated infectious pancreatic necrosis (CIPN).Methods:The clinical data of 34 patients with CIPN who were treated at the Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively studied. Based on the different video methods used, these patients were divided into 3 groups: the laparoscopic combined with intraoperative ultrasound group, the laparoscopic combined with choledochoscopy group and the laparoscopic group. The number of operations, operation time, blood loss, postoperative complication rates, mortality rates and total length of hospital stay were compared.Results:There were 13 patients in the laparoscopic combined with intraoperative ultrasound group, with age of (56.4±13.4) years. There were 7 patients in the laparoscopic combined with choledochoscopy group, with age of (48.0±8.4) years. There were 14 patients in the laparoscopic group with age of (51.4±15.6) years. The number of operations of the laparoscopic combined with intraoperative ultrasound group, the laparoscopic combined with choledochoscopy group and the laparoscopic group were (2.2±1.1), (1.6±0.8), (2.9±1.4), respectively. The number of operations of the laparoscopic combined with choledochoscopy group were significantly less than that of the laparoscopic group ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences among the other groups ( P>0.05). The operation time of the laparoscopic combined with intraoperative ultrasound group, the laparoscopic combined with choledochoscopy group and the laparoscopic group were (70.5±22.9) min, (65.7±19.9) min, (51.5±15.4) min, respectively. The operation time of the laparoscopic combined with intraoperative ultrasound group was significantly longer than that of the laparoscopic group ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences among the other groups ( P>0.05). There were no differences in blood loss, postoperative complication rate, mortality rates and total lengths of hospital stay among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Laparoscopic combined with multi-video debridement after making full use of the advantages of each of the video methods, can be used to improve treatment outcomes of patients with CIPN.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood ; complications ; Male ; Optic Neuritis ; etiology

BACKGROUND: It is discovered by administrating different emetics to vomiting animals, like cats, that there are a large amount of Fos positive neuronal expressions in the arc region from nucleus of solitary tract, lateral tegmentum to ventrolateral area. And it has been viewed that the arc region from area postrema, nucleus of solitary tract to ventrolateral reticular structure is the main emetic region. Whether do the non-vomiting animals reflect in response or not after emetic injection?OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of Fos positive neurons in relevant emetic regions of brain and spinal cord in rats after abdominal injection of emetic, cisplatin.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment based on animals.SETTING: Neural Physiological Research Room of Life Science College in Hebei Normal University and Physiological Room of Basic Medicine Institute in Hebei Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Neural Physiological Research Room of Life Science College in Hebei Normal University and Physiological Room of Basic Medicine Institute in Hebei Medical University from March to August 2003. Twelve SD male rats were employed, body weighted varied from 220 to 250 g, of clean-grade. They were randomized into experimental group of 6 rats and the control of 6 rats.INTERVENTIONS: In experimental group, the emetic, cisplatin, was injected abdominally 10 mg/kg. In the control, the physiological saline of same dose was injected. Afterwards, the activity changes in rats were observed at room temperature, quiet and light-avoided environment. Six hours later, the brain tissue was collected for frozen continuous sectioning. Immunohistochemical staining method was used to observe the distribution of Fos positive neurons in brainstem and forebrain nuclei and to count positive cell.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Behavior observation in rats after emetic injection. ② Counts of Fos positive cell in relevant regions of brain in rats.RESULTS: Twelve rats all entered result analysis. ① In 20 minutes after injection, the rats in both groups were in tranquilizing state, lying prone with body curled, almost without any movement. In 60 minutes after injection, the rats in the control were recovered to normal, free of eating or drinking. The rats in experimental group were in prone-lying state with body curled. They rose up or shook the heads occasionally, and they breathed fast and uneven.In 2 hours after injection, in experimental group, the rats were still in abdominal prone tightly in the cage, with heads lowed and irregular shaking of noses. In 5 hours, the rats in experimental group began standing up and moving, with normal breathing, but they still did not eat or drink. ② Fos positive neurons in solitary tract, area postrema and lateral parabrachial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus and arc nucleus in hypothalamus (64.3 ±9.6, 83.4 ±15.0, 148.8 ±19.9, 80. 2 ± 11.8, 20.7 ±3.8, 86. 6 ± 10.8) were remarkably higher than those in the control(56. 2 ±6.3,73.5±9.9,136.9±17.8,66. 1±10.3,17.3±3.4,78.8±10.5).CONCLUSION: Emetics induce discomforts in internal organs of rats, due to which, there probably exist emetic regions similar to vomiting animals in central neural system. But it is probably lack of vomiting-related adjusting mechanism. Emetics irritate the increase of Fos positive neurons in relevant regions in the brain of rat, which suggests that there exist relevant neural chemical pathways similar to nausea in the brain of non-vomiting rats.

OBJECTIVE:To study inhibitory effects of propofol on PC12 cells injury induced by glutamic acid via mitogen-acti-vated protein kinase/extra-cellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signal pathway. METHODS:PC12 cells were randomized into normal control group,model group(10 mmol/L glutamic acid),propofol low-concentrations,medium-concentrations and high-con-centrations groups(12.5,25,50 μmol/L+10 mmol/L glutamic acid). The optical density of cells,cell apoptosis,the phosphoryla-tion of ERK1/2 and the expression of c-fos,Bax,Bcl-2 were detected after treated with relevant medicine for 48 h. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,optical density of cells,the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 decreased in model group (P<0.01);apoptotic rate,the expression of c-fos and Bax increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group,optical density of cells,the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in propofol group (P<0.01);apoptosis rate,the ex-pression of c-fos and Bax decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were statistical significant between the different concentrations (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Propofol can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamic acid,which is associated with the up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Objectives To explore the status and characteristics of changes in lung function in the elderly in communities of Beijing,and to provide reference for improving the prevention and control of chronic lung disease in the elderly.Methods A stratified,segmented and cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1 144 subjects aged 60 years and over in communities of Beijing (Huairou District,Daxing District rural area and Xicheng District).Health status and pulmonary function were assessed,and characteristics of lung functions and their changes were analyzed in the elderly.Results The average vital capacity(VC)was 2.53L,and forced vital capacity(FVC) was 2.29 L,forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)was 1.81 L,1 second rate (FEV1/FVC) was 83.42 ％.Static vital capacity was decreased in 1/3 of the elderly,and dynamic vital capacity,including FVC and FEV1,was reduced in about half of the elderly.Ratio of decline in lung function in the elderly was higher in male and in urban area than in women and in rural areas.Ratio of decline in each index of pulmonary ventilation function showed a significantly increased tendency along with the ageing.Lung dysfunction types in the elderly included a restricted (23.5％)and obstructive ventilation disorder (19.7％)and mixed ventilation disorder(12.8％).Conclusions The ratio of decline in lung function in the elderly is increased along with aging,and more significantly higher in female and in urban than in male and in countryside.Restrictive ventilation disorder in the elderly is more often in urban areas,while obstructive ventilation disorder occurs mostly in rural areas.Corresponding measures should be adopted for different groups of people.

Objective To observe the effect of fenofibrate intervention on high-fructose-feeding-induced liver steatosis in rats and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group ,high fructose group and fenofibrate group[fenofibrate intervention started after 8 weeks of high fructose feeding ,30 mg/(kg · d)]. Rats were sacrificed after 12-week of high fructose feeding. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),free triglyceride(TG)and liver TG content were determined;protein levels of fatty acid synthase(FAS),endoplasmic reticulum stress mark-er Bip and autophagy markers such as Atg7,Beclin1,LC3 and the related pathway mTOR in liver tissues were de-tected. Results Compared with those in control group and fenofibrate group,serum AST,serum total cholesterol, blood free TG and hepatic TG were significantly increased in high-fructose group(P < 0.01). The protein expres-sion of Fas,Bip and mTOR were significantly increased in high-fructose group compared with those in control group and fenofibrate group;the protein expression of Atg7,beclin1 and LC3 were significantly decreased in high-fructose group compared with those in control group and fenofibrate group. Conclusions Long-term high-fructose-feeding induces fatty liver and liver cell injury ,and may affect ERS and autophagy. High-fructose-feeding-in-duced fatty liver may be improved by fenofibrate and its underlying mechanism might be associated with Fas,ERS and autophagy in liver.