Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum of respiratory viruses in infants and young children with acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI) in Chongqing area from 2003-2007.And to assess the clinical diagnostic value of virus detection in nasopharyngeal secretions(NPS) and serum viral antibody detection for ALRI.Methods Cases of 2 529 specimens of NPS in hospitalized children with ALRI from Apr.2003 to Oct.2007 were taken for detecting 7 common respiratory virus antigens by immunofluorescence assay including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(IA),influenza B (IB),parainfluenza virus1-3 (PIV1,PIV2,PIV3).Fifty-five thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven samples were tested for ADV-IgM by ELISA.Among those,45 159 cases were further tested for RSV-IgM by ELISA.Results Respiratory virus pathogens were detected in 778 samples out of 2 529(30.76%) including RSV positive in 668 samples (85.86%),PIV3 positive in 75 samples (9.64%),IA positive in 22 samples (2.57%),ADV positive in 15 samples ( 1.93%),only 1 sample ( 0.13%) positive for both PIV1 and RSV. And the positive rate of RSV-IgM was 0.9%-15.2%,and the positive rate for ADV-IgM was about 0.6%-10.6%.RSV infection occured mainly in winter and spring.Conclusions Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with ALRI during the survey period in Chongqing area,especially for RSV infection.The pattern of RSV circulation varied every year with seasonality.It is suggest that this year is peak one for RSV infection from the monthly positive results,especially in Feburary(50%) in 2007.But the infection rate of PIV3,IA,ADV and PIV1 are lower,particularly IB and PIV2 infection have not been seen for the last 5 years.It is fast and accurate to detect RSV antigen and suit to clinical diagnosis by using immunofluorescence assay than other antibody detection.

To investigate the effect of Tanreqing injection on immune activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer and healthy persons were separated by the density gradient centrifugation method for subsequent experiments, with those from healthy persons as the positive control. The effect of Tanreqing injection on stimulating the proliferation of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was determined by MTT method. The effect of Tanreqing injection on the lymphocyte secretions of IFN-γ and TNF-α and the subset ratio of lymphocytes cultured separately or with Tanreqing injection of different concentrations were examined by ELISA and flow cytometry (FCM) respectively. In addition, the LDH release assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). According to the findings, all of immunological indexes of lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer were weaker than that of healthy persons, but with the obvious increases in proliferation activity and IFN-γ and TNF-α secretions of lymphocytes co-cultured with Tanreqing Injection (P < 0.05). Among lymphocyte subsets co-cultured with Tanreqing Injection, CD3+, CD3+ CD4+ and CD3- CD16 + 56+ cell ratios notably increased, whereas CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell ratio obviously decreased (P < 0.05). In the meantime, Tanreqing injection can markedly promote the cytotoxicities of CTL and NK (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Tanreqing injection shows a significant effect in promoting the immune activity of lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer and their anti-tumor immunity.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; immunology ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; physiopathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate the prevalence of children dental fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Liaoning province and to evaluate the disease prevention effects of water improvement measures.Methods Haicheng city,Linghai city,Faku county,Fumeng county,Liaoyang county and Jianping county six endemic fluorosis diseased counties (cities) of Liaoning province were included in the study in September 2011.In each county,3 water improvement villages were selected as survey points.In each surveyed village,children aged 8-12 were generally surveyed the prevalence of dental fluorosis.One tap water sample was collected in each surveyed village for determination of water fluorine.level.Results A total of 786 children aged 8-12 were examined; 110 of them were found with dental fluorosis; detection rate of dental fluorosis was 14.0％ ; no defect case of dental fluorosis was found,and dental fluorosis index was 0.27.Among the cases,very mild were 76 cases,and the detection rate was 9.7％; mild 33 cases,the detection rate was 4.2％; moderate 1 case,the detection rate was 0.1％; and no severe case.Four cases were in the eight-year-old group,accounting for 3.6％ of the total number of cases; 20 in the 9-year-old group,accounting for 18.2％ ; 26 in the 10-year-old group,accounting for 23.6％; 32 in the 11-year-old group,accounting for 29.1％; and 28 in the 12-year-old group,accounting for 25.5％.The differences of detection rates of dental fluorosis of children in each age groups were statistically significant (x2 =13.57,P ＜ 0.05).Water fluoride of the 18 water samples ranged from 0.34 to 2.03 mg/L; 77.8％ (14/18) of the water improvement areas reached the control standard for endemic fluorosis areas.Conclusion The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the areas with high fluoride in drinking water remains high,the measures of water improvement should be strengthened.

Animals ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Monkeypox ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Monkeypox virus ; isolation & purification ; United States ; epidemiology

The present study is to investigate the quality changes of ginseng stems and leaves before and after frost. The contents changes of ginsenoside, free amino acid, and total phenolic compounds, as well as DPPH radical scavenging effect before and after frost were measured. The content of 9 ginsenoside monomer in ginseng stems was decreased except for Rg, and Re after frost, but in ginseng leaves was all decreased. The total content of amino acids was decreased in ginseng stems after frost, while increased in ginseng leaves. The content of phenolic compounds in ginseng stems and leaves were both decreased after frost while the ability of DPPH radical scavenging was improved. The factor of frost has great impact on the quality of ginseng stems and leaves.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Freezing ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Quality Control

objecfive To know and compare the intelligence level of children born in different time periods in regions with iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Liaoning province.Methods All 7-14 year-old children from ten schools were chosen as the subjects respectively from six villages in each of the six counties and in regions with iodine deficiency,who were respectively born at the initialization of iodinated salt supplying period(1978-1980);non-iodinated salt supplying period(1981-1990);recovery of supplied iodized salt period(1991-1995);universal iodized salt period(1996-2000),respectively.Intelligence quotient(IQ)was measured by Combined Ravens Test in China(CRT-C)and Combined Ravens Test-the Rural,in China,2nd edition(CRT-RC2).Results IQ of children during the non-iodized salt period(91.9±14.3)was significantly lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(95.8±14.6,q=8.60,P<0.01),recovery of supplied iodized salt period(99.7±14.7)was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period(q = 9.53, 18.13, all P < 0.01 ),universal salt iodization( 104.3 ± 14.9) was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period, recovery of supplied salt iodization(q = 20.00,28.00,10.46, all P < 0.01). Children's rate of mental retardation (IQ≤69) was higher in non-iodinated salt supplying period (6.7%, 88/1314 ) than the initial supply of iodized salt (4.4%, 21/471, χ2 = 3.85, P < 0.05), recovery of supplied iodized salt period(3.3%,48/1470) was significantly lower than non-iodinzed salt supplying period (χ2 = 15.37, P < 0.01), universal salt iodization period(2.7%, 36/1344) was lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(χ2 = 4.41, P < 0.05) and non-iodinzed salt supplying period(χ2 = 26.34, P < 0.01 ). The IQ and intelligent retarded rates in children born during the initial years of iodinated salt supplying period were not different. The IQ of the children during ten years of non-iodized salt supplying period fluctuated in a "∪" curve, while the intelligent retardation rates in a "∩" curve.The children born during the period of recovery supplied iodized salt increased their IQ and lowered the retardation rates year after year. The IQ of the children in universal iodized salt period kept on increasing while intelligent retarded rates reduced to the lowest level. Conclusions The intelligence level of children born in regions with IDD during non-iodized salt supplying period is remarkably lower than that of the beginning years of iodinated salt supplying period. The intelligence level of children born after universal iodized salt period is remarkably higher than that of the initial iodinated salt supplying period and recovery of supplied iodized salt period, respectively.

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between pathological characteristics of target organs and excess evil syndrome in IgA nephropathy.

METHODSData were collected in multicenter cooperation. Totally 266 IgA nephropathy patients were typed into exogenous wind-heat affection syndrome (49 cases), lower energizer damp-heat syndrome (100 cases), damp-phlegm syndrome (43 cases), and blood stasis syndrome (74 cases). Meanwhile, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in all patients for Hass classification, Oxford classification, Katafuchi integral, and Jiang's classification methods. The correlation between excess evil syndrome and pathological index was analyzed.

RESULTSFour syndrome types were correlated with their Hass levels (r = 0. 341, P <0. 01). Affection of exogenous wind-heat syndrome was correlated with segmental proliferation of endothelial cells and damaged active lesions of segmental capillary loops. Lower-energizer damp-heat syndrome was associated with Hass III level, destroying active lesions of capillary loops, segmental proliferation of endothelial cells, glomerular segmental lesions, focal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Blood stasis syndrome was associated with Hass IV level, glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerulosclerosis (S)/adhesion, mesangial hypercellularity (M), angiohyalinosis, multi-foci interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, multi-foci interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Phlegm-damp syndrome had higher proportions of Hass I and III levels, but with no association with other pathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONSExcess evil syndrome was associated with partial pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy. It could reflect pathological damage degree of target organs, activities, chronic lesions, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy to certain extent. Correlated pathological characteristics and its evolution could indicate excess evil syndrome types and their evolution rules.

Capillaries ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prognosis ; Syndrome

Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA-145 (miR-145) on immuno-inflammatory reaction of foam cells by targeting CD40. Methods Mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into model group (non-transfected), miR-145 mimics group (transfected miR-145 mimics), miR-145 inhibitor group (transfected miR-145 inhibitor) and silencing CD40 sequence group (transfected siCD40). Then oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to stimulate for 24 h to establish immune inflammatory damage cell model. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay were used to detect the levels of CD 40 mRNA and protein of each group. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α in cell supernatant. Results Compared with model group, the levels of CD40 mRNA, CD40 protein and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αwere all significantly decreased in miR-145 mimics group (P<0.01). After transfected with miR-145 inhibitor, the above indexes were all significantly increased than those of model group and miR-145 mimics group (P<0.01). After transfected with CD40 siRNA, the levels of CD40 mRNA, CD40 protein and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αwere all obviously decreased compared with those of miR-145 inhibitor group (P<0.01). Conclusion MiR-145 can regulate the immune inflammatory process of foam cells through the target gene CD40, inhibit the activation of CD40/CD40L signaling pathway and inhibit inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-155 (miR-155) on immuno-inflammatory reaction of foam cells by targeting MyD88 and the possible mechanism. Methods RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro and transfected with miR-155 mimics, miR-155 inhibitor, MyD88 siRNA and their negative control respectively, then ox-LDL stimulation was given to build foam cell model. The expression of MyD88 in foam cells was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. Moreover, the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-10, TGF-β1 and MCP-1 in supernatant were determined by ELISA. Results After being transfected with miR-155 mimics, the mRNA level of MyD88 remained unchanged compared with that of control group (P>0.05). The protein level of MyD88 decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the expression levels of IL-10, TGF-β1 and MCP-1 in supernatant also decreased significantly (P<0.05). After being transfected with miR-155 inhibitor, the mRNA level of MyD88 remained unchanged compared with that of control group (P>0.05). The expression levels of MyD88 protein and inflammatory cytokines increased significantly (P<0.05). After being transfected with MyD88 siRNA, the expression levels of MyD88 mRNA and protein decreased significantly, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion miR-155 can negatively regulate inflammation by targeting MyD88 through the inhibition of translation.

Objective To observe distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from blood culture of chil-dren with leukemia,and study risk factors.Methods From September 2013 to November 2016,species and antimi-crobial resistance types of 131 strains of pathogens isolated from blood culture of 110 children in a pediatric hemato-logy ward were analyzed,childrens'clinical data were also analyzed statistically.Results 131 strains(5.23%)of pathogens were isolated from 2 505 blood culture specimens,gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci accounted for 52.67% and 43.51% respectively,the top 3 pathogens were Escherichia coli(15.27%),Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.27%),and Staphylococcus hominis(12.98%). Gram-negative bacilli were highly resistant to ampicillin,ce-fazolin,ceftriaxone,and ampicillin/sulbactam,but sensitive to amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam,and carbapenems;gram-positive cocci had higher resistance to penicillin,oxacillin,erythromycin,and clindamycin,but were sensitive to tigecycline,linezolid,vancomycin,and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Univariate analysis showed that mixed infection,diarrhea,Pseudomonasaeruginosa infection,and Acinetobacterbaumannii in-fection were related to mortality due to bloodstream infection in children with leukemia.Conclusion Pathogens cau-sing bloodstream infection in children with leukemia is widely distributed,antimicrobial resistance rate is high,it is very im-portant to take active precaution and rational treatment according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.