Objective To discuss the clinical application and efficacy of digitization prototyping titanium meshes in the repairing of earthquake-induced skull defect. Methods The clinical data of 66patients with skull defect caused by earthquake were analyzed. These patients were divided into group A (treated with traditional handwork shaping titanium meshes, n=1S) and group B (treated with digitization prototyping titanium meshes, n=51). The efficacy and complications were compared.Results Compared to group A, group B had a shorter operation time, a shorter recovery time, a lower postoperative incidence rate of subcutaneous hematocele, hydrops and infection (P＜0.05). The digitization prototyping titanium meshes were significantly superior to handwork shaping titanium meshes (P＜0.05). And patients with skull defect repaired at early stage had a higher recovery rate of neurological function than those at advanced stage (P＜0.05). Conclusion Using digitization prototyping titanium meshes to repair the skull defect can enjoy anatomical reduction, shortened operation time, and fewer postoperative complications. In addition, an early repair in earthquake-induced skull defect can not onlydisburden patients' mind, but also prevent or even reverse secondary brain damage of skull defect,therefore, the patients' neurological function can be improved and their lives can be better.

Objective To investigate the mitochondrial damage and its effect in early stage of pressure ulcer in rats.Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8), control group(Con group) rats without stress, the experimental group was treated with of 170 mmHg for 2 h and relax 0.5 h as one cycle(1C), experi-mental group was divided into 3C, 6C, 9C and 12C group.The pathological changes of the compressed muscle tissue of the rats in each group were observed by HE staining , Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the compressed tissue , and the ultrastructure of muscle fibers and mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscope .Results There were pathological damage and gradually increased in the ex-perimental groups, with the increase of compression cycle; the expression of Bcl-2 in each experimental group was significantly increased as compared with the control group(P<0.05), in the 3C group reached the peak, and then decreased; the expression of Bax was increased gradually with the increase of compression cycle ( P<0.05) , and in the 12C group reached the peak;with the increase of the compression cycle the muscle fibers of each experimental group appeared gradually increased pathological damage:disorder, dissolution and fracture, the ridge of the mitochondria disappeared, vacuolar degeneration, et al.Conclusions In the early stage of pres-sure ulcer in a rat , it brings occurred mitochondrial damage and induces apoptosis .

OBJECTIVETo analyze the influence of the number of lymph node metastasis on survival and prophylactic postoperative radiotherapy after radical resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSFour hundred and ninety-five patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer who had undergone radical resection were randomly divided into surgery group alone (S, 275) and surgery plus radiotherapy group (S + R, 220). The patients were classified into three groups: Group A: 234 patients (47.2%) without lymph node involvement; Group B: 146 patients (29.5%) with 1 to 2 involved lymph nodes and Group C: 115 patients (23.2%) with >or= 3 involved lymph nodes.

RESULTS1. The 5-year survival rate in Groups A, B and C for the same T stage (T3) was 52.6%, 28.8% and 10.9%, respectively (P = 0.0000); the 5-year survival rate in group C was 0% in S group and 19.3% in S + R group (P = 0.0336); 2. In the positive lymph node group, the metastatic rate of intra-thoracic and supraclavicular lymph node was 35.9% and 21.2% in S group and 19.7% and 4.4% in S+R group (P = 0.014 and P = 0.000). In the negative lymph node group, the metastatic rates of intra-thoracic lymph node was 27.8% in S group and 10.3% in S + R group (P = 0.003). The metastatic rate of intra-abdominal lymph node in Groups A, B and C was 3.9%, 9.4% and 17.5%, respectively (P = 0.0000). The occurrence of hematogenous metastasis was most frequent in group C (27.8%) with >or= 3 positive lymph nodes.

CONCLUSION1. The number of metastatic lymph node is one of the important factors which affects the survival of thoracic esophageal carcinoma. 2. Chemotherapy might be given to the patients with three or more lymph nodes involved who have the possibility of developing hematogenous metastasis. Postoperative radiotherapy can reduce the occurrence of intra-thoracic and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis and improve the survival of patients with three or more lymph nodes involvement.

Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission through different modes of sharing injection equipment and sexual behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Liangshan of Sichuan province.

METHODSA community-based survey was conducted to investigate past and current demographic data, injection equipment sharing patterns and sexual behavior of IDUs. Blood samples were also taken to test for HCV. The survey was conducted between Nov 8 and Nov 29, 2002. 379 subjects were screened through outreach recruitment and peer informing. SPSS (11.5) was used for data analysis.

RESULTSHCV prevalence was 71.0% (269/379). Needles or syringes sharing in the past three months and past syphilis infection were strongly associated with HCV transmission after univariate analysis using chi-square test. Trend analysis indicated that HCV infection rate increased along with the increase of needles or syringes sharing, sharing of rinse water and the number of peers sharing the equipments. Data from multivariate logistic regression showed that sharing of needles or syringes and history of syphilis infection were significantly associated with HCV transmission. No significant difference was found between HCV infection and sexual behavior after univariate analysis using chi-square test.

CONCLUSIONFurther sero-epidemiological prospective cohort studies should be conducted to clarify the relationship between different modes of sharing injection equipment, sexual behavior and HCV infection.

Adult ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hepacivirus ; immunology ; Hepatitis C ; blood ; transmission ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; adverse effects ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Needle Sharing ; adverse effects ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral ; blood ; Surveys and Questionnaires