Objective To explore the short axial strain of left ventricle in patients with atrial septal defect(ASD)before and after the transcatheter closure by using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).Methods A total of 30 patients with ASD underwent echocardiography before and after the transcatheter closure.The procedure was performed to obtain the peak of circumferential strain(Sc)and radial stain(Sr)of left ventricle by 2D-STI.Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls.Results ①Compared with the control group,regional myocardial Sc of ASD group decreased(P <0.05).Sc of anterior septum (AS),anterior wall (AW),laterior wall (LW)and posterior wall (PW)increased (P <0.05)at 2-days after the transcatheter closure and those parameters were higher than control group.At the six-months after the transcatheter closure,those parameters reduced to the normal level (P <0.05).Sc of inferior wall (IW)and mid-posterior septum (MP-Sept)increased to the normal level at 2-days after the closure surgery (P <0.05).②Compared with control group,regional myocardial Sr of ASD group decreased(P <0.05 ) except PW,two-days after the transcatheter closure these parameters increased to the normal level.Sr of PW in ASD group increased compared with control group(P <0.05),and there were no statistical changes at 2-days after the transcatheter closure.Sr of PW in ASD decreased (P <0.05 )to normal level until 6-months after the transcatheter closure.③ Global circumferential strain (GCS)of left ventricular in ASD group were lower than control group (P <0.05 ).At two-days after undergoing transcatheter closure the GCS increased (P <0.05)and those parameters were higher than control group (P <0.05).Six-months after the transcatheter closure those parameters reduced to the normal level (P < 0.05 ).There were no statistical differences of left ventricular global radial strain (GRS)between control group and ASD group. However,the GRS of ASD group increased (P < 0.05 )and those parameters were higher than control group (P <0.05)after 2-days undergoing the transcatheter closure.At six-months after the transcatheter closure those parameters were reduced to normal level (P <0.05 ).Conclusions 2D-STI can quantitative evaluate left ventricular circumferential strain and radial strain in patients with ASD before and after the transcatheter closure.

Objective:The study focuses on the distinct distributions of γδT cells in various tissues and the changes after Sal-monella typhimurium infection,and attempts to explore the physiological significance of γδT cell distribution and the role of γδT cells in infectious diseases .Methods:Flow cytometry and PCR technique were used to detect the proportion of different γδ T cell subsets among thymus,spleen,lymph nodes,liver,skin,and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes .Flow cytometry was applied to detect the secretion of IFN-γand IL-17a.The changes of various γδT cell subsets in liver and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes were analyze after Slamonella typhimurium infection.Res ults: γδ T cells were rich in the intestinal epithelium , skin and liver, but poor in the thymus,spleen and lymph nodes .The distribution of different subsets was quite dissimilar .Vγ5+γδT cells chiefly existed in skin ,and Vγ1+,Vγ4+,Vγ7+γδ T cells largely existed in small intestine.γδ T cells in liver mainly secreted IL-17a;however,γδ T cells in intestinal intraepithelial secreted IFN-γ.After infection by Salmonella typhimurium , the proportion of γδ T cells in intestinal intraepithelial increased significantly ,particularly Vγ1 +γδT cells.In Liver,there was no significant change of total γδT cell ratio,but the ratio of Vγ1 +γδT cells reduced ,Vγ4 +γδT cells raised.Conclusi on:γδT cells are rich in the intestinal epithelium ,skin and liv-er.The distribution of different subgroups has specificity .There are large differences in the ability of cytokine secretion among various subgroups of γδT cells.The distribution of γδT cell subgroups in small intestine and liver changes during Salmonella typhimurium in-fection.

Objective To discuss the protective effect of doxofylline on radical surgery for esophageal cancer.Methods Under elective general anesthesia, 60 cases, 35 males and 25 females, aged 45-70 years, BMI 20-30 kg/m2, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, FEV1%>50%, underwent radical surgery for esophageal cancer at middle and distal parts.Random number table was employed to divide these patients into two groups: doxofylline group (group D) and control group (group C) with 30 cases in each.After a routing intravenous induction in the two groups, mechanical ventilation was conducted after bronchial intubation with double channel catheter on the right side.The intravenous injection of doxofylline 4 mg/kg in group D was administrated 30 min after bronchial intubation with double channel catheter.Equal normal saline was instilled to the patients in group C.Blood samples were taken from radial artery to detect the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MDA and SOD at four time points: 10 min (T0) before the one-lung ventilation, 60 min after OLV (T1), after two-lung ventilation (T2) and the end of the operation (T3).Meanwhile, the blood and breath at these time points were tested.The occurrence of OLV, blood loss volumes, fluid input quantities, urine volumes, postoperative hyoxemia and pulmonary inflammation were observed.Results Compared with T0, the activity of SOD in serum and PaO2 in the two groups at T1-T3 decreased (P＜0.05).The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and MDA increased significantly (P＜0.05).Compared with group C, the activity of SOD activities and PaO2 in group D at T1-T3 increased while concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and MDA decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The occurrence rates of postoperative hyoxemia and pulmonary inflammation in group D were obviously lower than those in group C (P＜0.05).Conclusion Doxofylline can suppress patients' inflammatory response and oxidative stress response after OLV and reduce the incidence rates of postoperative hyoxemia and pulmonary inflammation as well as alleviate lung injury triggered by radical surgery for esophageal cancer.

With inlet temperature, specific gravity, feeding speed as independent variables, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of content of schisandrin and arctiin as dependent variable, the experimental data were fitted to a second order polynomial equation. Based on establishing the mathematical relationship between the comprehensive evaluating indexes and respective variables, Box-Benhnken central composite test and response surface analysis method was employed to optimize the spray drying technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract. The optimal drying parameter was as follows: the inlet temperature was 175 degrees C, the specific gravity was 1.10, feeding speed was 32 r x min(-1). Under these conditions, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of spraying dry processes was 92.68, which was close to the model prediction. The spraying dry technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract optimized by response surface methodology was accurate and feasible, which provided theoretical experiment basis for the industrialization production.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ethanol

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Bcl-2 associated with athanogene-1 (BAG-1) gene on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation,and its influence on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression.Methods The SH-SYSY cells at logarithmic growth phase were collected.Lenti virus mediated RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to suppress the BAG-1 expression.The cells screened out can be divided into four groups:the cell control group with no lentivirus infection,lentivirus control group (containing only fluorescein protein lentivirus infection),BAG-1 siRNA group (BAG-1 siRNA silencing group),including BAG-1 siRNA-α group and BAG-1 siRNA-β group with lentivirus containing fluorescein protein (GFP) but at different BAG-1 siRNA target sites of silencing.Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression of BAG-1 and HSP70 in target cells after infectious recombination lentivirus for 72 hours;the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the activity of four different group cells after hypoxia;the flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis;the HSP70 mRNA transcription level were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) respectively in each group.Results After lentiviral infection for 72 hours,the Western Blot results showed that in the two BAG-1 siRNA silencing groups,the interference effect of BAG-1 siRNA-β group was superior to that of BAG-1 siRNA-α group.The cell viability of each group showed an increase followed by a decrease with the prolongation of hypoxia time,and reaching the peak at 8 hours.After hypoxia for 8 hours being given,the cell viability in BAG-1 siRNA-β group was significantly lower than that of the cell control group,lentivirus control group and BAG-1 siRNA-α group (A value:0.59 ±0.09 vs.0.94±0.12,0.90± 0.11,0.91± 0.14,P ＜ 0.01);the cell apoptosis rate was obviously higher in BAG-1 siRNA-β than that in the above three groups [(34.63 ± 3.46)％ vs.(14.83 ± 3.75)％,(19.93 ± 6.49)％,(16.40± 1.18)％,all P ＜ 0.01].There were no statistically significant differences in the HSP70 protein level and mRNA transcription level between BAG-1 siRNA-3 grroup,and the cell control group,lentivirus control group and BAG-1 siRNA-α group respectively (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BAG-1 gene can play a role in protection of hypoxia nerve cells,reduce the apoptosis,and its protective effect can be independent of HSP70 gene.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy

Objective To analyze the incidence,bacterial spectrum and clinical features of peripherally inserted central catheter-associated bloodstream infection in neonates, and to investigate the effect of infection control strategies on the occurrence of infection,by which it is helpful in choosing effective strategies for clinical practice. Methods Clinical data, results of blood culture and culture of the catheter tip were collected from 72 infants (66 of them were very low birth weight) admitted to NICU from July, 2007 to August, 2008. The incidence of PICC-associated bloodstream infection (PICC-BSI) in the old hospital was compared with that of the new hospital. Results Bacterial colonization was not found. PICC-BSI was found in 15 cases (18. 1%), including 11 cases (13.2%) with definite sepsis and 4 cases (4. 8 %) with clinical sepsis.The incidence of PICC-BSI was 10. 2/1 000 PICC-days as a whole,with 16. 1/1 000 PICC-days in the old hospital and,7. 7/1 000 PICC-days in the new hospital respectively. Eleven organisms were isolated including Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) (4 strains), Acinetobacter baumannii (3 strains), Klebsiella pneumonia (2 strains), Enterococcus(1 strain), and Candida parapsilosis (1 strain). The incidence of PICC-BSI in the new hospital was lower compared with that of the old hospital. Conclusion Most of the isolated organisms of PICC-BSI are opportunistic and multi-drug resistant pathogen. PICC-BSI can be reduced by the effective infection control strategies in NICU.

AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of hydroquinone genotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells and investigate whether human X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1)was involved in protecting cells from the damage caused by hydroquinone. METHODS XRCC1 gene was knocked down by RNA interference and XRCC1-deficient cell was established by transfected recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1-pU6-dsRNA. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (normal cells) and cells transfected with the empty vector of pEGFP-C1 (vector cells) were used as the normal control and vector control. All cells were treated with different concentrations of hydroquinone (10-100 μmol·L-1) for 4 h. MTT assay was used to test cell viability and comet assay was used to detect the DNA damage and repairment. RESULTS MTT assay showed that hydroquinone inhibited the growth of cells in a concentration-dependant manner and the survival number of XRCC1-deficient cell was less than that of the two control groups. Comet assay revealed that different concentrations of hydroquinone caused more severe DNA damage in XRCC1-deficient cell line than in control cells and there were no significant difference in the two control groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest XRCC1 be involved in preventing cells from damage caused by hydroquinone.

This study was aimed to observe different forms of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in the hippocampus and cortex in order to further explore the role of Aβ and IDE on spleen yin deficiency di-abetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD), and the effect of Zi-Bu Pi-Y in method. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, which were the blank control (Cont) group, diabetes (DM) group, spleen yin deficiency (pi) group, spleen yin deficiency diabetes (piDM) group and Zi-Bu Pi-Y in recipe (ZBPYR) group. Soluble and insoluble Aβ in the hippocampus and cortex of rats were extracted by gradient centrifugation, and then measured by ELISA. The ex-pression of IDE was observed by western blot. The results showed that the content of soluble and insoluble Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and cortex of the DM group and piDM group were higher than the Cont group. The soluble and in-soluble Aβ1-42 content in the hippocampus and cortex of the ZBPYR group were reduced compared with the DM group and the piDM group. The soluble Aβ1-40 in the cortex of the DM group, pi group and piDM group were in-creased compared with the Cont group (P < 0.05). The soluble Aβ1-40 content of the ZBPYR group was decreased compared with the DM group and the piDM group (P < 0.05). The expression of IDE protein was decreased in the hippocampus of the DM group and the piDM group compared with the Cont group (P< 0.05), and the IDE protein level in the hippocampus of the ZBPYR group was increased compared with the DM group and the piDM group (P<0.05). The expression of IDE protein in the cortex of the DM group, pi group and piDM group was lower than the Cont group (P< 0.05). The IDE protein level in the cortex of the ZBPYR group was reduced compared to the DM group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that the increased Aβ1-42 in brain may be a major pathological change of DACD and spleen yin deficiency DACD. The decreased IDE expression may be one of the reasons to induce increasing of Aβ1-42 level. The Zi-Bu Pi-Y in method may decrease the Aβ1-42 content by upregulating IDE protein expression.

Objective To explore the characteristics of visual P300 event-related potentials (ERP) in children with mental retardation and evaluate the correlations between visual P300 in event-related potentials and intelligent quotient.Methods Thirty children with mental retardation were selected as the test group who were inpatients or saw a doctor in the Department of Rehabilitation of Hunan Children Hospital.At the same time,thirty normal children were selected as the control group who saw a doctor in the Department of Child Healthcare of Hunan Children Hospital.Two groups had no statistically significant difference in sex and age (P ＞ 0.05) and were comparable.All children were administered with the Wechsler intelligence test in the Department of Child Healthcare and the visual event-related potential test in the Department of Rehabilitation.The results of the visual P300 latency and amplitude were analyzed.Another,the relevance between intelligent quotient (IQ) and P300 latency and amplitude were also compared by statistics.Results Compared to the control group,the visual P300 latency in children with mental retardation (MR) was apparently longer and the amplitude decreased significantly in children with MR,with a statistically significant difference between two groups(P ＜0.05).P300 latency in MR expected negative correlation with intelligent quotient and the amplitude in MR expected no correlation with intelligent quotient.Conclusions P300 latency and amplitude of ERP could objectively reflect cognitive function in children with MR,could be regarded as one of the objective measurement in the evaluation of cognitive function in children with MR.It can be used as an objective electrophysiological index for assisting in the diagnosis of mental retardation of children in clinic.