italic>Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. is a traditional Miao medicinal herb with significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of sore throat, tonsillitis, edema of nephritis and bruising and rheumatism, etc. Ardisia crispa var. amplifolia and Ardisia crispa var. dielsii are varieties of A. crispa. A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii are controversial in terms of species evolutionary relationships and taxonomic identification. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii chloroplasts using Illumina platform, assembled, annotated and characterized them, compared the structural features and degree of variation among chloroplast genomes using bioinformatics methods, and also downloaded constructing phylogenetic trees to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of chloroplasts in Primulaceae and Myrsinaceae using whole genome sequence information. The results showed that the complete chloroplast genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were 156 749 bp and 156 748 bp in length, with 132 genes annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes; the codon preference of A/U was greater than that of G/C; The differences in the coding regions of rps15 and rpoB genes in the comparative genome analysis can be used as loci for molecular identification of the two species; the differences in the coding regions of ycf1, ycf2, rpoC1, ycf3, petD and rpl16 genes in the chloroplast genome compared with those of the same genus can be used as loci for identification of the genus. In the phylogenetic results, A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were clustered together with 100% support, indicating that they are closely related. In this research, we analyzed the chloroplast genome structure and phylogenetic relationships of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii, providing an important theoretical basis for their molecular identification, genetic variation, breeding and phylogenetic analysis.

Objective To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods A total of 607 type 2 diabetes patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University were enrolled in this study between June 2013 and December 2014. Rs5498 (A/G K469E) and rs1799969 (G/A R241G) in the ICAM-1 gene were genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination in 295 patients with DPN and 312 subjects without DPN. The distribution of these two SNPs and the genetic influence of ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms on the development of DPN were conducted. Results Genotype distributions of both SNPs were coincided with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the two groups. SNP rs1799969 (G/A R241G) in the ICAM-1 gene showed a high GG genotypic frequency at 96.8%(non DPN) and 99.0%(DPN) respectively. SNP rs5498 (A/G K469E) represented AA and AG genotypes. The values were AA 48.7%/AG 39.4%in non DPN group and AA 51.5%/AG 41.7%in DPN group. There were no significant differences in genotypic distributions and allele frequencies of SNPs rs1799969 (G/A R241G) and rs5498 (A/G K469E) between the patients with DPN group and patients without DPN group (P>0.05). The dominant(AA+AG)/GG and additive (GG/AA) models of rs5498 (A/G K469E) were associated with higher risk of DPN (ORadjusted=1.585, 1.575 respectively, P<0.05). To carry A allele was related to the susceptibility of DPN. There was no such association in genetic models of rs1799969 (G/A R241G) and DPN pathogenesis. Conclusion The present study provides evidence that SNP rs5498 E469K (A/G) in the ICAM-1 gene is associated with susceptibility of DPN, and the carrying A allele appears to be a risk of DPN.

Purpose To observe the effect of Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1),a necroptosis inhibitor,on the inflammation in unilateral ureter obstruction mice.Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation group,unilateral ureter obstruction operation group and UUO + Nec-1 treatment group,and the mice were sacrificed at 7th day after operated.Scr and BUN were measured.The pathological changes in the kidney were observed by HE staining.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression of necroptosis-related indicators RIP1,RIP3,MLKL and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β and MCP-1.Results Compared with sham operation group,the expression of RIP1,RIP3 and MLKL protein increased in the renal tissue of UUO mice,accompanied with increased expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and MCP-1.Nec-1 treatment significantly decreased above-mentioned protein expression in UUO mice,and also reduced renal interstitial inflammation and renal tubal injury according to HE staining.Scr and BUN levels suggested improved renal function.Conclusion Nec-1 could relieve the inflammatory reaction in renal tissue of the UUO mice by inhibiting necroptosis,which may be a new target for the treatment of secondary inflammation.

The microparticle is a kind of small particle formed in the process of cell activation and apoptosis.Currently,the mi-croparticle is taken as the main medium of inflammatory reaction.However,it may also play a role of atherosclerotic plaque formation and subsequent onset,development and formation of acute coronary syndrome.Furthermore,the microparticle participates in the atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture,coagulation startup and thrombus formation.Through the study of microparticle,the coronary atherosclerotic heart disease pathogenesis can be deeply understood.

Objective To evaluate the association of cervical cancer and the G/C single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 in p53 gene exon -4 in Chinese population.Methods Literatures were searched in CNKI,VIP,CBM, PubMed,EMBase,the Cochrane Library (Issue 1,2015),WanFang Data Database (1980—2015)with computer. Results Thirteen studies involving 1 780 cervical cancer patients and 1 5 17 healthy volunteers were included.According to the situation of the HPV infection in research object,thirteen studies were divided into two subgroups.The results of meta-analyses in the subgroup of non-HPV infection showed that the Chinese women having the genotype G/G presented no increased relative risk compared to that with the genotype C/C(OR=0.980,95%CI:0.558 -1.723).The allele G showed no increased relative risk compared to the allele C (OR=1.070,95%CI:0.789-1.449)The results of meta-analyses in the subgroup of HPV infection showed that the Chinese women having the genotype G/G presented no increased relative risk compared to that with the genotype C/C(OR=0.891,95%CI:0.213 -3.722).The allele G showed no increased relative risk compared to the allele C (OR =0.981,95%CI:0.493 -1.951 ).Conclusion This meta -analysis demonstrates that G/C single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 in p53 gene exon-4 were not associated with cervical cancer in Chinese women.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of XRCC1 gene to hereditary susceptibility of colorectal cancer.

METHODSXRCC1 genotypes in 124 colorectal cancer patients and 214 matched healthy people as control were analyzed by SnaP Shot SNP-typing technique. Five different inheritance models including codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant and log-additive were analyzed using logistic regression model. The haplotype distribution was estimated with phase and its correlation with the risk of colorectal cancer was evaluated.

RESULTSThe frequencies of mutant 25487G-A, 25489C-T and 1799782C-T alleles were 0.20, 0.11, 0.32 respectively in the patients, and 0.23, 0.13, 0.34 in the controls. There was no significant correlation of polymophisms of XRCC1 gene to the risk of colorectal cancer in 5 different inheritance models (P>0.05). GCT, GCC, ACC and GTC were the most common haplotypes and the odds ratios were 1, 1.35, 0.90 and 0.84 respectively. There was no significant difference of distribution between 2 groups in haplotypes.

CONCLUSIONPolymorphisms of XRCC1 gene, including rs25487, rs25489, rs1799782, are not associated with to the risk of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1

Investigation of traditional Chinese medicine resources is the most important issue of the protection and use of traditional Chinese medicine resources. Real-time monitoring of medicinal plant species and coverage of an area are of great significance to the sustainable development of the medicinal plant species diversity and ecological environment. Flower has unique spectral characteristics. Comparing the vegetative stage through the flowering stage it is easier to identify species. The flowering stage is a critical period for identifying species with remote sensing. Carthamus tinctorius as a traditional Chinese medicine resources in XinJiang region, attracted widespread attention in recent years. In this paper, the hyperspectral data of canopy and other vegetation canopy was measured in 2011. The spectral curve was analyzed, the result indicated that C. tinctorius canopy and the canopy after picking showed absorption peak near 770 nm, the first derivative of red edge spectra and invert-Gaussian model were analyzed, the result indicated that there was significant difference between C. tinctorius canopy and other vegetation canopy. The proposed method is designed to provide initial theoretical foundation for growth condition and physiological parameters of C. tinctorius, and make theoretical groundwork for the distribution and elaborate monitoring of C. tinctorius in future.
Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulative mechanism of the diterpene phenol extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis (DERO) on the imbalance of collagen metabolism of the lung tissue in pulmonary fibrosis rats.

METHODSFifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal saline group (NS), the bleomycin-induced lung injury group (BLM), the low dose DERO group (at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg), the moderate dose DERO group (at the daily dose of 100 mg/kg), and the high dose DERO group (at the daily dose of 200 mg/kg), 10 in each group (abbreviated as DERO 1, 2, 3, respectively). The pulmonary fibrosis rat model was prepared by disposable intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. DERO was administered by gastrogavage as intervention during the repairing process of lung injury. On the morning of the 29th day, the rats' lung tissue was extracted. The karyocyte number, collagen protein, type I collagen (collagen I) and transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (TGFbetaR II), Smad4 mRNA expressions were semi-quantitatively determined using tissue microarray, HE staining, collagen fiber dyeing, immunohistochemical assay, and in situ hybridization. Using real-time fluorescent quantification RT-PCR, the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were detected.

RESULTSCompared with the NS group, the collagen deposition of the lung tissue was obvious and the inflammatory infiltration was more severe in the BLM group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the aforesaid 4 indices between the DERO1 group and the BLM group (P > 0.05). The collagen deposition and the inflammatory infiltration were obviously alleviated in the DERO2 and DERO3 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the NS group, the mRNA expressions of collagen-I, TGF-beta1 R II, Smad4, and TGF-beta1 were obviously up-regulated in the BLM group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the BLM group, the aforesaid four indices were not statistically changed in the DERO1 group (P > 0.05). But the mRNA expressions of collagen-I, TGF-beta1 R II, Smad4, and TGF-beta1 were obviously downregulated in the DERO2 and DERO3 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). But the down-regulation of Smad4 expression was not obvious in the DERO2 and the DERO3 groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the DERO1 group, the mRNA expressions of collagen-I, TGF-beta1, R II, TGFbeta1 were all obviously lower in the DERO2 and the DERO3 groups (P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in the aforesaid 4 indices between the DERO2 group and the DERO3 group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDERO could regulate imbalanced collagen metabolism of pulmonary fibrosis. It could inhibit excessive deposition of collagen fibers, especially excessive deposition of collagen- I. Its mechanisms might be realized by inhibiting up-regulation of TGF-beta1 and TGFbetaR II mRNA expressions, thus interfering the activation of TGF-beta-Smad signaling pathway on target genes, especially on type I procollagen target gene.

Animals ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Rosmarinus ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Salivary analysis can be used to assess the severity of caries. Of the known salivary proteins, a paucity of information exists concerning the role of proteinase 3 (PR3), a serine protease of the chymotrypsin family, in dental caries. Whole, unstimulated saliva was collected from children with varying degrees of active caries and tested using a Human Protease Array Kit and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significantly decreased concentration of salivary PR3 was noted with increasing severity of dental caries (P<0.01); a positive correlation (r=0.87; P<0.01; Pearson's correlation analysis) was also observed between salivary pH and PR3 concentration. In an antibacterial test, a PR3 concentration of 250 ng·mL⁻¹ or higher significantly inhibited Streptococcus mutans UA159 growth after 12 h of incubation (P<0.05). These studies indicate that PR3 is a salivary factor associated with the severity of dental caries, as suggested by the negative relationship between salivary PR3 concentration and the severity of caries as well as the susceptibility of S. mutans to PR3.
Child ; Dental Caries ; enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myeloblastin ; metabolism ; Saliva ; enzymology

BACKGROUNDPeople have more and more concerned about allitridum as studies have shown that taking more raw garlic associated with a lower risk for cancers of the alimentary system. In the present study, we tried to examine whether a large dose of allitridum and a microdose of selenium prevent gastric cancer.

METHODSA double-blind intervention study was performed on the participants aged (35 - 74) years, who had matched at least one of the following criteria: (1) a medical history of stomach disorder, (2) a family history of tumour, or (3) smoking and/or alcohol consumption. A total of 2,526 and 2,507 persons were randomly enrolled into intervention group and control group respectively from 288 natural villages of seven communities in Qixia County, Shandong Province, China. Each person of the intervention group orally took 200 mg synthetic allitridum every day and 100 microg selenium every other day for one month of each year during November 1989 to December 1991. At the same time, people in control group were given 2 placebo capsules containing corn oid with the identical appearance to that in the intervention group.

RESULTSFor all subjects the large dose of allitridum was accepted and no harmful side effects were found during the study. In the first follow-up five years (1992 - 1997) after stopping the intervention, the morbidity rates of malignant tumours in the intervention group declined by 22%, in contrast to the control group, declined by 47.3%. After adjusting for age, gender, and other potential confounders, relative risks (RRs) for all tumours and gastric cancer of the whole population were 0.67 (95% CL: 0.43 - 1.03) and 0.48 (95% CL: 0.21 - 1.06), respectively, and for male group they were 0.51 (95% CL: 0.30 - 0.85) and 0.36 (95% CL: 0.14 - 0.92), respectively. No signigicantly protective effect was found for the female subgroup.

CONCLUSIONThe present study proves that large doses of allitridum and microdorse of selenium may effectively prevent gastric cancer, especially in men.

Adult ; Aged ; Allyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Selenium ; administration & dosage ; Stomach Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Sulfides ; administration & dosage